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Transcript: Beyond the Rainbow
(soft music plays)
An animated title against a sunny sky reads "TVOKids Power Hour of Learning."
In off, Laura says WELCOME TO
TVOKIDS
POWER HOUR OF LEARNING.
TODAY'S JUNIOR LESSON:
BEYONF THE RAINBOW.
Mister de Man sits in a room full of objects. He is in his early thirties, with a short beard and brown hair. He wears glasses, a white T-shirt with colourful vertical stripes and headphones. He holds a puppet called Rosco. Rosco is a blue, with pink hair and a big purple nose. He wears a black, yellow and red shirt.
With a deep voice, Rosco says OH, OH, OH, OKAY, OKAY.
THERE AND THERE AND THERE.
AND-- AND...
OKAY, OKAY, OKAY.
UM, UM...
HI, MR. DE MAN.
Mister de Man says HI, ROSCO.
WHY ARE ALL THE LIGHTS OFF
IN HERE?
Rosco says OH, OH.
I-- I WAS
MAKING A SURPRISE
AND-- AND...
AND-- AND-- AND...
AND, I...
HERE. LET'S...
I CAN TURN ON
THE LIGHTS.
GUESS WHAT,
GUESS WHAT.
UM, I SWITCHED OUT ALL
OF THE OLD LIGHT BULBS
AND I REPLACED THE...
WITH THEM
WITH-- WITH MORE
ENERGY EFFICIENT ONES.
HERE, HERE,
TURN THEM ON.
YOUR PHONE'S
DOWN THERE. USE IT.
Mister de Man says OKAY, I'M DOIN' IT.
Rosco says SEE? LOOK HOW NICE
AND LIGHT IT IS.
AND-- AND THERE'S EVEN
SOMETHING MORE SPECIAL.
UM...
Mister de Man says WHAT? WHAT WOULD BE MORE
SPECIAL ABOUT THESE LIGHTS?
Rosco says WELL, WELL, WELL...
UM, HERE.
CHECK OUT THE APP AGAIN,
AND WATCH.
YOU CAN DO SOMETHING
LIKE THIS...
The lights turn red.
Rosco says OH, OH, OOOH!
CREEPY.
OR THIS...
The lights turn blue.
Rosco says OH. OH, MAN, NICE.
OR EVEN THIS.
The lights turn green.
Rosco says SEE? SEE?
Mister de Man says WHOA, ROSCO!
THESE ARE THE COLOUR
CHANGING LIGHT BULBS.
I'VE WANTED TO TRY THESE OUT
FOR A LONG TIME!
Rosco says YEAH, YEAH, YEAH.
AND-- AND-- AND I THINK
WE CAN USE THEM.
I COULD HELP US
WITH THE SHOW.
WE CAN CHANGE
THE LIGHT TO...
TO HELP US...
TO HELP US
SET THE MOOD.
WATCH, WATCH, WATCH.
MAYBE I'M REALLY SAD.
AW, I'M SO BLUE.
OR WHAT IF I'M ANGRY?
OKAY, MAKE IT RED.
Mister de Man says OKAY,
I'LL MAKE IT RED.
Rosco says RAWR!
I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT I DIDN'T
GET TO HAVE MY COOKIE!
OR-- OR MAYBE I CAN HAVE
HAPPY YELLOW!
OR, OR, OR...
WHEN IT'S NAP TIME
I CAN HAVE CALMING GREEN.
ISN'T-- ISN'T THAT...
ISN'T THAT AWESOME?
Mister de Man says IT'S AMAZING, ROSCO!
WE'LL HAVE SO MUCH FUN EXPERIM...
EXPERIMENTING...
EXPERIMENTING WITH THEM
TO SEE WHAT KIND
OF COLOURS WORK BEST
FOR DIFFERENT SITUATIONS.
Rosco says YEAH, YEAH.
OH, OH, OH.
AND GUESS WHAT.
GUESS WHAT, UM...
(Bell dinging)
A yellow light bulb pops up above Rosco's head.
Rosco says I JUST GOT AN IDEA!
UM, MAYBE WE CAN
DO SOME RESEARCH
AND SEE WHAT WE CAN LEARN
ABOUT LIGHT TODAY!
I FOUND AN EPISODE
OF
SCIENCE MAX!
THAT IS CALLED
"LIGHT CHALLENGE."
AND WAS WONDERING IF WE
COULD START WATCHING IT.
Mister de Man says THAT SOUNDS
LIKE A PLAN, ROSCO.
LET'S SPEND TODAY'S
POWER HOUR OF LEARNING
EXPLORING THE
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT.
Rosco says AWESOME!
A clip plays.
Phil is in his mid-thirties, clean-shaven with curly blond hair. He wears a dark blue T-shirt.
Phil says HAVE YOU EVER DONE
A SCIENCE EXPERIMENT
AND WONDERED WHAT
IT'D BE LIKE
IF YOU DID IT BIG?
I HAVE.
(laughing)
(rock music plays)
Fast clips show Phil doing funny and crazy experiments indoors and outdoors.
Phil says YEAH!
MY NAME IS PHIL,
AND I TAKE YOUR EVERYDAY
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
AND DO THEM BIG.
THIS IS
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE.
THIS EPISODE OF
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE
IS ALL ABOUT LIGHT
AND BENDING LIGHT
TO YOUR WILL.
A man with combed hair shows a hand radiography and says HUH? HUH? RIGHT? RIGHT?
Phil says ANN CHALLENGES ME TO
AN EVER MORE TRICKY GAME
OF LIGHT MANIPULATION.
PLUS LASERS, PERISCOPES, AND...
WHAT DOES THAT HAVE TO DO
WITH LIGHT?
In a clip, Phil stands against a blue surface being hit by tennis balls.
He says CUT TO ANIMATION!
FIND OUT ON
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE.
In the lab, Phil says GREETINGS,
SCIENCE MAXIMITES!
I'M PHIL, AND TODAY
ON
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE,
WE'RE
GONNA BE LOOKING AT LIGHT!
He turns off the lights.
(clatter)
The lights turn on and Phil says HEY!
(grunting)
He lifts a sign and says OH. OKAY.
STAY.
THAT WASN'T
SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN.
I WAS SUPPOSED
TO PRESS THAT BUTTON,
AND THERE WAS SUPPOSED TO BE
ALL THESE LASERS
AND SPECIAL EFFECTS.
BUT IT DIDN'T...
WELL, TODAY ON
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE,
WE'RE NOT GONNA BE DOING
ONE EXPERIMENT,
WE'RE GONNA BE DOING
A NUMBER OF SMALL EXPERIMENTS
BECAUSE WE ARE GOING TO DO
A LIGHT MANIPULATION CHALLENGE.
I'M GONNA GET AN EXPERT
AND SHE IS GOING TO CHALLENGE ME
TO A GAME
OF LIGHT MANIPULATION
BECAUSE I AM
THE MASTER OF LIGHT!
(beeping)
He presses a button and the lights turn green.
Phil says OH.
WELL, AT LEAST
THE GREEN LIGHTS ARE WORKING.
AND...
OKAY, OKAY, FORGET IT.
I'M JUST GONNA TURN...
I'M JUST GONNA TURN IT
BACK TO NORMAL.
(beeping)
COME ON.
I'M GONNA WORK ON THAT LATER.
I'M GONNA NEED AN EXPERT
TO HELP ME, THOUGH.
UM, OH! I KNOW.
ANN WOULD BE
REALLY GOOD AT THIS.
He puts on a lab coat and continues IT REALLY DOES LOOK KINDA WEIRD
IN HERE, DOESN'T IT?
OH, WELL.
Phil presses a code to open a magic portal that makes him appear in another lab with a lab coat in his head.
(dialling)
(zapping)
(clatter)
Ann is in her late twenties with light brown shoulder-length hair. She wears a blue T-shirt and jeans.
Ann says YOU OKAY?
Phil says HI.
A caption reads "Ann."
Ann says HI, PHIL.
Phil says ANN. YEAH,
I DIDN'T-- I DIDN'T...
I COULDN'T SEE
WHAT I WAS DOING.
HERE'S YOUR LAB COAT.
Ann says OH.
Phil says THANK YOU FOR COMING.
Ann says GREAT!
Phil says NOW, YOU'RE FROM
LET'S TALK SCIENCE, RIGHT?
Ann says YES, THAT'S RIGHT.
Phil says ALL ABOUT SCIENCE EDUCATION,
JUST LIKE US.
NOW, YOU'RE GONNA
CHALLENGE ME
TO A LIGHT
MANIPULATION GAME?
Ann says A LIGHT MANIPULATION GAME.
I'VE BEEN WORKING
ON A SERIES OF CHALLENGES
SINCE THE LAST TIME
WE TALKED.
Phil says AWESOME.
Ann says EACH A LITTLE MORE DIFFICULT
THAN THE LAST.
Phil says WELL, THIS IS
GONNA BE GREAT
'CAUSE I AM THE LIGHT
MANIPULATION MASTER!
Ann says OKAY, WELL WE'LL SEE
ABOUT THAT.
Phil says OKAY.
The caption changes to "Challenge number 1."
Ann says TAKE A SEAT.
Phil says WELL,
THAT'S EASY ENOUGH.
Ann says I HAVE WRITTEN SOMETHING ON
THE BACK SIDE OF THIS BALL.
Phil says OH, OKAY.
Ann says AND I'M GONNA
CHALLENGE YOU TO READ IT.
Phil says OKAY, WELL I'M READY.
I MIGHT BE ABLE
TO READ IT FROM HERE.
LET'S SEE.
Ann places a ball far away from Phil.
Ann says ALL RIGHT.
OKAY, I SEE
SOMETHING'S WRITTEN ON IT
BUT I CAN'T READ
WHAT IT SAYS.
Ann says WHAT IF YOU SQUINT?
Phil says IT LOOKS LIKE
A COUPLE LINES, MAYBE?
I CAN'T QUITE TELL.
Ann says ANY IDEAS HOW TO SOLVE
THIS CHALLENGE, PHIL?
Phil says UM,
AND I HAVE TO BE
IN THIS CHAIR?
Ann says WELL, YOU CAN
GET OUT OF THE CHAIR
TO SET UP YOUR SOLUTION.
Phil says OKAY.
Ann says WHEN YOU READ
WHAT I'VE WRITTEN
ON THE BALL, YOU HAVE TO BE
SITTING IN THE CHAIR.
Phil says WELL, IT'S LIGHT
MANIPULATION, RIGHT?
Ann says MM-HM.
Phil says SO, I...
WAIT A MINUTE.
I'VE GOT FLASHLIGHTS
IN CASE THE POWER GOES OUT,
SO MAYBE I CAN
USE A FLASHLIGHT.
HA HA!
OKAY, READY?
PEW!
He uses the flashlight to light the ball.
Phil says UM...HUH.
DOESN'T SEEM TO MAKE IT
ANY EASIER TO READ.
YEAH.
I GOT NOTHING.
Ann says DO YOU GIVE UP
ALREADY?
Phil says NO, OF COURSE
I DON'T GIVE UP!
Ann says I TOLD YOU THESE WERE
GONNA BE CHALLENGING.
Phil says THIS IS NOTHING!
I WILL
FIGURE THIS OUT.
UM,
I DON'T KNOW YET.
Ann says YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO
GET CREATIVE.
Phil says I DON'T KNOW YET,
BUT I WILL THINK
OF SOMETHING.
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says OKAY, I'LL BE BACK.
HERE,
HOLD THE FLASHLIGHT.
NOT LOOKING,
NOT LOOKING!
I'M GONNA GO THIS WAY.
Phil runs away and Ann sits on his chair.
Ann says I'M GONNA WAIT
RIGHT HERE.
Phil says OKAY!
Next, Phil looks himself in a spoon.
Phil says HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHY
YOU END UP UPSIDE DOWN
WHEN YOU LOOK AT YOURSELF
IN A SPOON?
IT'S BECAUSE
OF LIGHT REFLECTION!
LIGHT IS MADE OF PHOTONS.
He stands against a blue wall.
Phil says LET'S SAY THAT
THESE TENNIS BALLS
BOUNCING OFF THIS WALL
ARE PHOTONS OF LIGHT.
NOW, WHEN THE SURFACE IS FLAT
LIKE A MIRROR,
THE PHOTONS,
THEY BOUNCE IN...
AND A STRAIGHT
BACK OUT AGAIN.
BUT WHEN THE SURFACE
IS CURVED,
THE PHOTONS
DON'T GO STRAIGHT OUT.
Two men bend the wall.
Phil says THEY GET REFLECT--ED.
SO NOW, THIS PHOTON
IS GOING OVER THERE
AND IF WE HAD PHOTONS
ON THIS SIDE, THEY WOULD...
I DON'T EVEN KNOW WHERE
THOSE ONES ARE COMING FROM.
The balls bounce on the sides of the wall in different directions.
Phil says THEN, OKAY-- SO WE GOT...
WE GOT PHOTONS ON THIS SIDE
THAT ARE GOING THAT WAY
AND PHOTONS ON THAT SIDE
THAT ARE GOING THIS WAY,
SO THE TOP
BECOMES THE BOTTOM
AND THE BOTTOM
BECOMES THE TOP,
AND THAT'S WHY
YOU LOOK UPSIDE DOWN
WHEN YOU LOOK AT YOURSELF
IN A SPOON!
OKAY, CUT TO ANIMATION!
CUT TO ANIMATION!
An animation shows light reflecting on a curved piece of glass.
Phil says A LENS WORKS BY CHANGING
THE DIRECTION OF LIGHT TOO.
LENSES ARE MADE
OUT OF CURVED PIECES OF GLASS.
WHEN THE PHOTONS OF LIGHT
PASS THROUGH THE GLASS,
THE CURVED SURFACE
MAKES THEIR PATHS CHANGE.
WHAT WAS ONLY
THIS BIG BEFORE
BECOMES THIS BIG
WHEN YOU SEE IT.
LENSES ARE USED
IN MICROSCOPES
TO SEE THINGS
THAT ARE REALLY SMALL,
OR IN TELESCOPES TO SEE THINGS
THAT ARE VERY FAR AWAY.
BOTH TIMES THEY ARE MAKING
SOMETHING SMALL APPEAR LARGE.
The animation ends.
Phil says ANN HAS CHALLENGED ME
TO FIGURE OUT
HOW TO SEE A SMALL OBJECT
FAR AWAY,
AND USING A LENS
IS MY SOLUTION.
Phil rolls in a huge magnifying glass.
Phil says CHECK IT OUT!
IT'S A GIANT
MAGNIFYING LENS.
I'M GONNA USE IT TO MAGNIFY
THE BALL SO THAT I CAN SEE IT.
Ann says SOUNDS GREAT.
Phil says ALL RIGHT.
I SET THE LENS
IN FRONT OF THE BALL,
WHICH ANN HAS TURNED
SO I CAN'T SEE WHAT'S ON IT.
I ADD A LIGHT...
LET'S SHINE IT
ON THE BALL SO THAT...
IT'S A LITTLE BIT
BETTER ILLUMINATED.
AND THEN SIT IN THE CHAIR
AND ASK ANN TO MOVE IT
SO IT'S ALIGNED.
ALL RIGHT,
SO BRING IT TO YOUR LEFT.
YEAH, KEEP GOING,
KEEP GOING.
KEEP GOING,
RIGHT ABOUT THERE!
TRY BRINGING IT
CLOSER TO THE BALL.
OKAY, WAIT.
THAT MAKES IT...
THAT MAKES IT SMALLER.
TRY GOING...
BRING THE LENS
AWAY FROM THE BALL.
OOH! WAIT.
TRY A LITTLE BIT FURTHER.
OH-HO-HO-HO!
Ann says ARE YOU READY FOR ME
TO SPIN THE BALL AROUND?
Phil says YEP.
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says IT SAYS 71!
Ann says NICELY DONE.
Phil says EASY!
SOLVED.
Ann says WAIT, WAIT, WAIT.
Phil says WHAT?
Ann says THAT WAS JUST THE WARM-UP.
The clip ends.
Rosco says HEY, HEY, MISTER DE MAN,
MISTER DE MAN.
LOOK WHAT I FOUND
IN MY ROOM.
IT'S A-- HERE, TAKE IT.
Mister de Man says OH, THANKS.
Rosco says IT'S...
IT'S A TELESCOPE.
I BET-- I BET PHIL
COULD HAVE USED THIS
TO SEE THE NUMBER
ON THE BALL TOO.
The caption changes to "Junior 4-6. Mister De Man."
Mister de Man says YEAH, THAT'S RIGHT.
PHIL USED A GIANT LENS
TO HELP HIM READ
THE NUMBER ON THE BALL.
AND YOUR TELESCOPE HERE
KIND OF WORKS THE SAME.
THERE'S A BIG LENS
ON ONE END
WHICH TAKES IN LIGHT
FROM AN IMAGE
OR FROM, UM, FROM...
THAT REFLECTS OFF
OF DIFFERENT OBJECTS,
AND THEN THERE'S ANOTHER
ON THIS SIDE...
Rosco says YEAH, THAT'S WHERE
I CAN SEE THROUGH.
Mister de Man says YEAH, ON THAT SIDE
THERE'S A SMALLER LENS
THAT MAKES THE IMAGE
SO IT'S READY FOR YOUR EYE.
AND IT MAGNIFIES IT
A LITTLE BIT, TOO.
Rosco says WHOA!
LENSES ARE AMAZING!
IT'S ALMOST LIKE- LIKE
THEY GIVE YOU SUPERPOWERS.
Mister de Man says WELL, THEY DO HELP US SEE
SOME AMAZING THINGS,
FROM TINY CELLS AND ORGANISMS
WITH MICROSCOPES
TO GALAXIES FAR AWAY
WITH A TELESCOPE.
Rosco says YEAH. YEAH,
I LIKE THAT PART.
Mister de Man says BUT THERE IS
ONE MORE LENS
I WANT TO EXPLORE TODAY
A LITTLE FURTHER.
Rosco says A SUCH A LENS THAT...
THAT GIVES ME SUPER
DUPER LASER VISION?!
Mister de Man says NOT QUITE,
BUT IT DOES HELP US SEE.
AND THAT IS THE LENS
THAT IS PART OF
THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM.
Rosco says OUR VISUAL SYSTEM?
OH! OH, OH, OH.
YOU MEAN OUR EYES!
Mister de Man says THAT'S RIGHT, ROSCO.
WHY DON'T YOU SIT BACK
AND FOLLOW ALONG
WITH OUR FRIENDS AT HOME?
Rosco says OKAY!
A fast-motion clip shows Mister de Man drawing and painting an eye.
Rosco says HI, MY FRIENDS.
MISTER DE MAN
ASKED ME TO, UM,
TO DO A VOICEOVER AND EXPLAIN
WHAT HE'S DOING HERE.
HE'S, UM,
HE'S DRAWING A PIECE
AND THEN PAINTING IT
AND IT'S ART,
AND IT HAS...
ITS PURPOSE IS TO HELP
TEACH US ABOUT OUR EYES.
AND I THINK ALL
THOSE DIFFERENT THINGS
HE'S GOING TO EXPLAIN
IN A LITTLE BIT.
BUT LOOK HOW FAST
HE'S GOING!
UM, HE DID IT BECAUSE
HE SETS UP HIS CAMERA
AND IT FILMED HIM
THE WHOLE TIME HE WAS WORKING,
AND THEN HE PUTS IT
ON HIS COMPUTER
AND HE SPED IT
ALL THE WAY UP,
LIKE, SUPER DUPER,
WAY, WAY, WAY FAST.
UM, AND I THINK IT NEEDS
LIKE A SOUNDTRACK.
IT SHOULD GO SOMETHING
LIKE THIS.
(SINGING THE "CAN-CAN")
The clip ends.
Mister de Man says SO, HERE IS THE PICTURE
I JUST PAINTED
OF THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM.
LET'S SEE HOW
ALL THE PARTS WORK TOGETHER
TO GIVE US
THE ABILITY TO SEE.
SO, FIRST LET'S START
WITH THE WHITES OF OUR EYES.
IT'S THE BIG THING
WE CAN SEE
AROUND THE COLOURED PARTS
OF OUR EYES.
THAT IS CALLED THE SCLERA.
I KNOW, I HAD TO LOOK UP
HOW TO PRONOUNCE THIS WORD
AND IT'S KIND OF HANDY.
IF YOU EVER READ A WORD
THAT YOU CAN'T QUITE UNDERSTAND,
IF YOU LOOK UP PRONUNCIATION
OR "HOW TO PRONOUNCE."
THE WORD YOU WANT,
IT WILL...
YOU CAN FIND A LITTLE CLIP
AND THAT'S HOW I FOUND OUT
HOW TO MAKE SURE
I SAID THIS PROPERLY ON TV.
SO WE'VE GOT THE SCLERA,
AND THAT'S THE PROTECTIVE LAYER
THAT'S WHITE
ALL THE WAY AROUND YOUR EYE.
NEXT, WE HAVE THE CORNEA.
He sticks name tags on the parts mentioned.
Mister de Man says NOW, THE CORNEA
IS THE PART OF YOUR EYE
THAT IS RIGHT ON TOP,
LIKE IT'S RIGHT OVER TOP
OF WHERE YOU CAN SEE
MY EYES ARE BLUE
AND THEN YOU CAN SEE
THE BLACK IN THE MIDDLE.
SO, THE CORNEA
IS RIGHT ON TOP OF THAT.
IT'S A BIT OF A LENS AS WELL.
NEXT, WE HAVE THE PART
OF OUR EYES THAT HAS THE COLOUR.
I HAVE BLUE EYES,
SOME PEOPLE HAVE BROWN EYES,
SOME PEOPLE HAVE GREEN EYES.
SOME REALLY LUCKY PEOPLE HAVE
TWO DIFFERENT COLOURED EYES.
UM, BUT THAT IS RIGHT HERE.
YOU CAN SEE THIS.
IT'S CALLED THE IRIS AND
IT'S THESE LITTLE PARTS HERE...
LIKE, THEY LOOK RED ON THIS.
AND THOSE ARE...
THAT IS THE IRIS THERE.
NOW, NEXT COMES THE WAY
THAT LIGHT CAN GET IN,
AND THAT'S THE PUPILS.
THAT LITTLE BLACK DOT
IN THE MIDDLE OF YOUR EYE
IS CALLED THE PUPIL.
AND IT'S ACTUALLY
A WINDOW OR A HOLE
THAT GOES RIGHT IN
FOR THE LIGHT TO GET THROUGH.
AND IT'S RIGHT THERE.
NEXT, WE HAVE
THE ALL-IMPORTANT LENS.
SO, THE LENS IS THIS DISC
THAT YOU SEE HERE
AND THAT'S WHAT'S GOING
TO TAKE IN THE LIGHT
AND THEN AMPLIFY
AND MAGNIFY IT
SO THAT THE BACK OF THE EYE
CAN SEE IT.
AND AT THE BACK OF THE EYE
YOU CAN SEE THERE'S THIS BIG...
THIS YELLOW AREA HERE.
NOW, THESE COLOURS
ARE NOT NECESSARILY
WHAT THE EYES LOOK LIKE.
IT JUST HELPS FOR THE DIAGRAM.
BUT TODAY WE HAVE IT AS YELLOW,
AND THIS IS CALLED THE RETINA.
NOW, THE RETINA
CONTAINS MILLIONS OF CELLS
CALLED PHOTORECEPTORS,
AND THERE'S TWO TYPES.
THERE ARE RODS AND CONES.
NOW, THE RODS, THEY HELP US SEE
WHEN IT'S REALLY DARK OUTSIDE
OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
AND THE CONES HELP US TO SEE
DURING THE DAYLIGHT
AND ALSO GIVE US
COLOUR VISION.
NOW, SO, THE LIGHT GOES...
LET'S GO BACK
FROM THE BEGINNING AGAIN.
WE HAVE THE LIGHT
GOES PAST THE CORNEA,
PAST THE IRIS,
THROUGH THE PUPIL,
THROUGH THE LENS,
DIRECTED AT THE RETINA.
THE ROD AND CONES
TURN THOSE LIGHT SIGNALS
INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
FOR THE BRAIN,
AND THEN THEY TRAVEL
DOWN THE OPTIC NERVE,
AND THAT MMM WILL GET
EVENTUALLY TO OUR BRAINS,
AND THAT'S HOW WE CAN SEE.
RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE EYE
THERE IS A BIT,
IT'S CALLED THE VITREOUS GEL,
AND THAT'S WHAT'S INSIDE.
IT FILLS UP THE EYE
AND ALL THE LIGHT
PASSES THROUGH THAT
ON THE WAY
TO SEEING ALL THESE THINGS.
SO, NOW WE KNOW A LITTLE BIT
MORE ABOUT HOW OUR EYES WORK.
WHY DON'T WE USE OUR EYES
AND WATCH THE NEXT SEGMENT
OF
SCIENCE MAX!?
A clip plays.
Ann says ARE YOU READY FOR
CHALLENGE NUMBER TWO?
I'VE GOT ANOTHER BALL...
Phil says OKAY.
Ann says WITH SOMETHING ELSE
WRITTEN ON IT.
Phil says WAIT.
ARE YOU COMING BACK?
Ann places the ball behind a board.
Ann says NOPE.
Phil says HUH.
BUT I CAN'T EVEN SEE YOU
FROM HERE.
LIKE-- LIKE, HOW AM I...
HUH.
Ann says YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO
MANIPULATE THE LIGHT!
Phil says I HAVE TO SEE
AROUND A CORNER?
I HAVE TO SEE
AROUND A CORNER.
ALL RIGHT!
I'LL THINK OF SOMETHING.
An animated black and yellow triangle reads "Mini Max!"
Phil says SO, YOU REMEMBER THE TENNIS
BALLS ON THE WALL...
RIGHT?
OKAY, SO THE TENNIS BALLS
ARE PHOTONS...
WHAT LIGHT IS MADE OUT OF...
AND THE WALL IS A MIRROR.
AND RIGHT NOW,
THE PHOTONS
ARE HITTING THE MIRROR
AND BOUNCING DIRECTLY BACK.
BUT, WHAT HAPPENS
IF THEY COME IN AT AN ANGLE?
LIKE THIS.
AHA! THOSE PHOTONS ARE
REFLECTING OFF THE MIRROR
AND GOING THAT WAY,
WHICH MEANS IF I WANNA SEE
WHAT'S EMITTING THOSE PHOTONS...
I CAN SEE IT FROM HERE!
THE SAME THING HAPPENS
WHEN YOU LOOK IN A MIRROR.
OH, OKAY.
MIRROR-- WHA.
He turns around a mirror hanging from the wall.
Phil says THE MIRROR REFLECTS
THE PHOTONS OVER HERE.
I CAN SEE THE TENNIS BALL
LAUNCHER IN THE MIRROR,
WHICH MEANS...
IF THERE WAS A BARRIER...
Phil places a rolling blind with the logo of the show on his right side.
Phil says WHOA!
BETWEEN ME
AND THE TENNIS BALL LAUNCHER,
I CAN STILL USE A MIRROR
AND THE PHOTONS WOULD REFLECT
OFF THE MIRROR AND...
COME STRAIGHT TO ME!
WHICH IS HOW YOU CAN
USE A MIRROR...
TO SEE AROUND A CORNER!
IN FACT...
PERISCOPES WORK
THE SAME WAY.
He catches the balls the tennis launcher is shooting.
Phil says LET'S MAKE A PERISCOPE
RIGHT NOW.
Now, he appears in a lab.
Phil says HEY, IT'S DARK IN HERE.
OH, RIGHT!
'CAUSE I'M GONNA
SHOW YOU MY LASER!
He puts on dark glasses. Then, he lights a mirror using a laser inside a fish tank.
Phil says SO, THE LIGHT FROM MY LASER
BOUNCES OFF THIS MIRROR
IN A STRAIGHT LINE.
HA HA! REFLECTION.
WE CAN USE
THE POWER OF REFLECTION
TO MAKE THE LIGHT GO...
WHERE HE WANT IT TO!
WE'RE GONNA...
WE'RE GONNA BUILD A PERISCOPE!
SUBMARINES USE PERISCOPES
BECAUSE IT'S HARD TO SEE
WHEN YOU'RE UNDERWATER.
A SUBMARINE WILL EXTEND
A PERISCOPE UP ABOVE THE WATER.
An animation recreates how a periscope works.
Phil says THE IMAGE UP HERE GETS
TRANSMITTED DOWN HERE.
SO, SOMEONE LOOKING THROUGH
THE PERISCOPE UNDERWATER
CAN SEE WHAT'S GOING ON
UP ON THE SURFACE.
Back in the lab, Phil says AND HERE'S WHAT YOU NEED
TO BUILD IT-
TWO CARTONS OF MILK,
TWO SMALL HAND MIRRORS,
SCISSORS OR A CRAFT KNIFE,
A PENCIL,
AND SCIENCE TAPE, WHICH IS
THE SAME AS REGULAR TAPE
EXCEPT YOU USE IT FOR SCIENCE.
AND REMEMBER,
IF I GO TOO FAST,
YOU CAN ALWAYS FIND THESE
INSTRUCTIONS ON OUR WEBSITE.
The caption changes to "tvokids.com/sciencemax."
Phil says STEP ONE, CUT THE TOPS
OFF YOUR MILK CARTONS.
TAKE YOUR MIRROR
AND TRACE OUT A RECTANGLE
AS WIDE AS THE MIRROR,
THEN CUT IT OUT.
PUT SOME SCIENCE TAPE
ON YOUR MIRROR
AND STICK IT IN THE CARTON
AT AN ANGLE.
THEN PUT A PIECE OF TAPE
ON THE INSIDE.
THEN, GET THE OTHER MILK CARTON
AND DO THE SAME THING.
PUT A MIRROR ON THE INSIDE
AND THEN STACK
THE MILK CARTONS TOGETHER,
BUT DON'T STACK THEM WITH
THE HOLES ON THE SAME SIDE.
MAKE SURE YOU STACK THEM WITH
THE HOLES ON OPPOSITE SIDES.
AND HERE IS WHAT'S
GOING ON INSIDE.
YOU'VE GOT YOUR TWO MIRRORS,
AND ONE IS ANGLED LIKE THAT
AND THE OTHER ONE
IS ANGLED LIKE THIS.
LIGHT FROM WHAT YOU'RE
LOOKING AT COMES IN,
HITS THAT FIRST MIRROR,
GOES DOWN TO THAT SECOND MIRROR,
AND GOES TO YOUR EYE.
YOU CAN USE IT TO SPY ON PEOPLE
FROM BELOW THE TABLE!
BING!
HA HA! HA, HA, HA!
OR FROM AROUND CORNERS.
SO, THERE YOU GO.
YOUR VERY OWN PERISCOPE
USING LIGHT REFLECTION!
The clip ends.
Rosco says HEY. HEY, LOOK,
LOOK, LOOK, LOOK,
MISTER DAMAN.
I FOLLOWED ALONG WITH...
WITH PHIL ON THE SHOW,
AND I MADE
MY OWN PERISCOPE!
NOW, NOW I CAN CHECK
AROUND CORNERS...
OH, YEAH
I SEE OVER THERE!
AND I CAN SNEAK
AROUND THE HOUSE.
OH, I'M GONNA LOOK
BEHIND THE CAMERA.
HI, BEHIND THE CAMERA!
YEAH, YEAH, YEAH.
AND I CAN SNEAK
AROUND THE HOUSE
WITHOUT ANYBODY
NOTICING.
SO, SO FUN TO MAKE!
Mister de Man says THAT'S VERY FUN,
ROSCO.
NOW, DO YOU REMEMBER
WHY THE PERISCOPE WORKS?
Rosco says YES, YES-YES-YES.
BECAUSE THERE ARE
TWO MIRRORS INSIDE
AND-AND-AND THE LIGHT
HITS ONE OF THEM.
IT'S RIGHT THERE.
I'M POINTING
WITH MY NOSE.
AND-AND-AND THEN
IT GOES UP AND-- OH!
AND THEN IT GOES
AND HITS ANOTHER MIRROR,
AND IT GETS REFLECTED
AND IT'S LIKE THE LIGHT
IS BENDING TO MY WILL!
(maniacal laughing)
Mister de Man says OKAY, ROSCO.
WELL, WHY DON'T YOU
GO HAVE SOME FUN
EXPLORING AND PLAYING
WITH YOUR PERISCOPE?
I'M GOING TO EXPLAIN
ANOTHER WAY THAT LIGHT BENDS,
AND IT'S WHAT
GIVES US RAINBOWS.
Rosco gasps and says I LOVE RAINBOWS!
CAN-CAN I WATCH INSTEAD
AND PLAY LATER?
Mister de Man says SURE THING, ROSCO.
HERE WE GO.
(soft music plays)
Next, Mister de Man stands next to a blackboard.
Mister de Man says OKAY.
I'M ALL SET, MY FRIENDS.
UM, I WANTED TO SHOW YOU
WHAT HAPPENS
AND HOW RAINBOWS
ARE CREATED.
SO, I HAVE A NEAT,
UM, CRYSTAL
THAT USUALLY HANGS...
THERE IT IS.
AND THIS USUALLY HANGS
IN MY LIVING ROOM.
AND WHEN THE SUN
GOES THROUGH THIS,
IT MAKES
REALLY PRETTY RAINBOWS
THAT DANCE
ALL AROUND THE ROOM.
SO I THOUGHT
I'D SHOW THIS TO YOU
AND I'D USE A FLASHLIGHT.
SO, I'VE GOT MY FLASHLIGHT,
I'VE GOT MY PRISM
OR MY CRYSTAL,
AND I'M GOING TO SHINE
THE LIGHT THROUGH THIS.
AND...HUH.
IT'S JUST...
IT'S A PRETTY PATTERN
BUT IT'S JUST...
IT'S JUST ALL
STILL WHITE LIGHT.
NOW, WHEN I WAS TRYING THIS
EARLIER I WAS A BIT CONFUSED
SO I DID A BIT OF RESEARCH
AND I FOUND OUT THAT I HAVE
HERE AN LED FLASHLIGHT,
AND LED LIGHTS
DON'T SHOW THE FULL...
ARE NOT MADE UP OF THE FULL
SPECTRUM OF WHITE LIGHT.
SO, THEY ARE...
THERE'S NOTHING
FOR THE CRYSTAL
OR FOR A PRISM LIKE THIS
TO BREAK UP.
SO INSTEAD, I'M GONNA SHOW YOU
USING SOME PICTURES.
SO FIRST, HERE WE HAVE...
LET'S GET THAT
A LITTLE HIGHER...
A PICTURE OF A PRISM.
He pins the drawing on the board.
Mister de Man says AS YOU CAN SEE,
IT HAS A SQUARE BASE
AND IT'S A PYRAMID,
SO IT'S A
SQUARE-BASED PYRAMID,
AND WE'RE GOING TO PRETEND
BECAUSE IT'S MY PICTURE
THAT THIS PRISM HERE
IS MADE OF GLASS.
SO, IN THE PICTURE WE HAVE
THE AIR AROUND THE PRISM,
AND THEN WE HAVE THE GLASS.
SO, THERE'S TWO
DIFFERENT MATERIALS.
NOW, MY NEXT PICTURE IS GOING
TO SHOW WHAT WOULD HAPPEN
IF I FOCUSED A BEAM
LIKE A LASER THROUGH IT.
SO, LET'S SAY I HAVE
A RED LASER BEAM.
AND I'LL PUT THAT UP HERE NEXT
WITH MY MAGNETS.
SO WE CAN SEE HERE,
HERE WOULD BE
WHERE OUR SOURCE IS,
AND IT TRAVELS
THROUGH THE AIR
AND IT HITS
THE SIDE OF THE GLASS.
AND WHAT WE SEE HERE
IS THAT IT BENDS.
THIS IS CALLED REFRACTION.
AND THEN IT GOES OVER TO
THE NEXT SIDE OF THE GLASS,
THROUGH THE GLASS
TO THE NEXT PART,
AND IT BENDS AGAIN.
SO, IT'S REFRACTED TWICE
BY PASSING FROM AIR TO GLASS
AND THEN GLASS TO AIR.
AND THE AMOUNT
THAT IT BENDS
IS CALLED
THE ANGLE OF REFRACTION.
SO, LET'S JUST WRITE DOWN
A COUPLE OF THESE
IMPORTANT TERMS.
SO, WE HAVE REFRACTION.
AND THAT'S WHAT HAPPENED
WHEN LIGHT PASSES
FROM ONE MEDIUM,
SUCH AS AIR,
TO ANOTHER,
SUCH AS GLASS.
NOW, WHAT IF WE COULD FOCUS
LIKE, THE SUNLIGHT
RIGHT THROUGH THIS PRISM?
THEN, WE'D GET
SOMETHING LIKE THIS.
SO, I DREW
A NICE PICTURE HERE.
Mister de Man places a rainbow over the first drawing.
Mister de Man says NOW, WHAT WE SEE IS AGAIN,
THE WHITE...
THE WHITE LIGHT
HITS THE GLASS
AND IT ALSO BENDS
BUT IT KINDA LOOKS LIKE
IT SPREADS OUT A BIT TOO.
AND THEN IT TRAVELS THROUGH
THE GRASS-- GLASS, SORRY.
AND AGAIN, IT BENDS A BIT
AND SPREADS EVEN MORE,
CREATING THE RAINBOW.
NOW, WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?
WELL, YOU SEE,
THE WHITE LIGHT
IS ACTUALLY MADE UP OF ALL THE
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT.
WE HAVE THE LONGER
WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT
LIKE RED AND ORANGE AND YELLOW,
AND THEN WE HAVE THE SHORTER END
AS WELL, STARTING...
AND THE SHORTEST
WOULD BE VIOLET
AND THEN WE HAVE
INDIGO AND BLUE.
AND GREEN'S RIGHT THERE
IN THE MIDDLE.
SO, THEY ALL HAVE
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS
AND SO THEY ALL ALSO HAVE
DIFFERENT ANGLES OF REFRACTION.
SO, THE WHITE LIGHT
HITS HERE AND THE...
EVERYTHING GETS SPREAD OUT.
WE HAVE THE RED, THEN ORANGE,
YELLOW, GREEN,
BLUE, INDIGO, AND VIOLET.
SO, THAT'S THE SCIENCE
OF HOW THE RAINBOWS WORK.
NOW, LET ME MAKE SURE I'VE SAID
EVERYTHING I WANT...
OH!
I ALMOST FORGOT SOMETHING.
NOW, IF YOU WANT TO PLAY AROUND
WITH THIS AFTER THE SHOW,
YOU CAN ACTUALLY FIND
A REALLY COOL EXPERIMENT
AT, UH, A
SCIENCE MAX!
GAME
CALLED, UH...
AND IT'S CALLED LIGHT UP.
AND YOU CAN FIND THAT GAME
AT TVOKIDS.COM.
YOU GET TO PLAY
WITH PRISMS AND MIRRORS
AND TRY TO LIGHT
DIFFERENT THINGS UP
WITH SPECIFIC COLOURS
OF THE SPECTRUM.
IT'S A GREAT GAME.
ROSCO AND I PLAYED IT
A LOT YESTERDAY.
A clip plays.
Phil says DID YOU KNOW THAT YOUR TV REMOTE
CAN BE A FLASHLIGHT?
IT'S TRUE!
IF YOU HAVE THE KIND
OF TV REMOTE
WITH THE LITTLE BULB
ON THE END OF IT,
THEN WHEN YOU PRESS THE BUTTONS,
THE BULB LIGHTS UP!
(beeping)
YEAH, I KNOW
WHAT YOU'RE THINKING.
YOU'RE THINKING,
"PHIL, WAIT A MINUTE.
"THE BULB DID NOT LIGHT UP
"AND I'VE NEVER SEEN THE BULB
ON MY TV REMOTE LIGHT UP
"WHEN I PRESS THE BUTTONS."
WELL, THAT'S BECAUSE YOUR TV
REMOTE WORKS ON INFRARED,
WHICH IS A KIND OF LIGHT
YOU CAN'T SEE.
BUT YOU MIGHT BE ABLE
TO SEE IT WITH A CAMERA.
IF YOU HAVE A DIGITAL CAMERA
OR A CAMERA ON YOUR PHONE...
Phil presses a remote control in front of his cell phone camera.
Phil says AH! NOW YOU CAN SEE. SEE?
IT LIGHTS UP!
AND BECAUSE INFRARED LIGHT WORKS
THE SAME WAY AS VISIBLE LIGHT,
IN THAT IT WILL BOUNCE
OFF A MIRROR,
HERE'S AN EXPERIMENT
YOU CAN DO AT HOME.
BOUNCE THE LIGHT OFF YOUR TV
REMOTE OFF A MIRROR
AND TURN ON AND OFF
YOUR TELEVISION.
CHECK THIS OUT.
GET A MIRROR,
SET IT UP JUST RIGHT,
AND THEN AIM THE REMOTE
AT THE MIRROR AND...
(beeping)...
IT TURNS OFF THE TELEVISION!
PRETTY COOL, RIGHT?
BUT NOW,
LET'S MAX IT OUT.
I'VE GOT A COMPLEX SERIES
OF MIRRORS SET UP HERE,
AND I'M GONNA BOUNCE
THE LIGHT FROM THE REMOTE
ALL OVER THE ROOM.
Two mirrors hang in front of two other mirrors.
Phil says AND HERE'S WHAT
THAT PATTERN LOOKS LIKE.
THE LIGHT FROM THE REMOTE
HITS THIS MIRROR,
WHICH REFLECTS TO THIS MIRROR,
WHICH REFLECTS
TO THIS MIRROR,
AND THEN THIS MIRROR,
AND THEN THIS MIRROR,
AND THEN FINALLY
TO THE TELEVISION.
The TV turns on.
Phil says ISN'T THAT COOL?
THERE YOU GO-
MAXED OUT REMOTE LIGHT BOUNCING
INFRARED FLASHLIGHT...
I GOTTA COME UP
WITH A BETTER NAME, BUT STILL.
IT'S PRETTY COOL.
OH, RIGHT.
TURN OFF THE TELEVISION
WHEN YOU LEAVE THE ROOM.
I SOLVED ANN'S FIRST
LIGHT CHALLENGE...
SEEING SOMETHING FAR AWAY...
WITH A LENS.
IT SAYS 71!
BUT NOW SHE'S MOVED THE BALL
AROUND A CORNER
AND NOW I HAVE THE SOLUTION.
Phil rolls a large mirror into the lab.
Phil says MIRROR!
A MIRROR WILL LET ME SEE
AROUND THE CORNER, RIGHT?
Ann says CLEVER.
Phil says RIGHT?
OKAY, SO, ALL I GOTTA DO
IS PUT THE MIRROR
IN A POSITION...
SORTA LIKE THAT, I GUESS.
AND THEN I'M GONNA
SIT IN THE CHAIR.
IF YOU COULD HELP ME
ADJUST THAT MIRROR.
UM,
UH,
KEEP GOING THAT WAY.
KEEP GOING, KEEP GOING.
AND STOP!
NICE! OKAY. GO AHEAD
AND FLIP THE BALL AROUND
AND I WILL READ THE MESSAGE.
IT IS...
TOO SMALL.
I CAN'T-- OKAY.
I'VE SOLVED THIS PROBLEM,
THOUGH. OKAY, FLIP IT AROUND.
THE LENS,
I NEED THE LENS.
SO WE USE A MIRROR
AND THE LENS... .TO...
Phil places the lens near the ball.
Phil says GOOD?
YEAH?
YEAH? OKAY.
I'M GONNA SIT IN THE CHAIR.
HERE IN THE CHAIR.
IT IS...
BACKWARDS.
OH, YEAH.
A MIRROR INVERTS
THE IMAGE, DOESN'T IT?
MM-HM.
THAT'S OKAY. THAT'S OKAY,
I CAN SOLVE THIS.
ALL I NEED...
WHOA!
ANOTHER MIRROR IS ALL I NEED
TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM.
SO, IF I TAKE THIS MIRROR
AND I PUT IT HERE.
Phil holds a small mirror behind him.
Phil says LET'S SEE.
UM, THERE IT IS.
IT SAYS 42!
Ann says NICELY DONE!
Phil says HA-HA-HA!
They high-five.
Ann says VERY NICELY DONE.
I'M READY FOR ANYTHING.
WHAT DO YOU GOT PLANNED
FOR THE HARDEST CHALLENGE?
Ann says ARE YOU SURE
YOU'RE READY FOR THIS?
Phil says TOTALLY!
Ann says CHALLENGE NUMBER THREE
STARTS NOW.
Ann turns the lights off.
Phil says WHAT?
WAIT, WAIT, WAIT.
NO, NO.
THIS IS A LIGHT CHALLENGE.
HOW AM I SUPPOSED TO DO
A LIGHT CHALLENGE IF IT'S DARK?
Ann says HMMM. YOU'LL HAVE TO
GET CREATIVE.
Phil says BUT, IT'S DARK?
OKAY! NO PROBLEM.
I WILL THINK OF SOMETHING.
I WILL BE BACK!
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says OKAY, CAREFUL.
Ann says I'LL BE WAITING.
Phil says WHOA!
(clatter)
CAREFUL!
The clip ends.
Rosco says WAH. WHOA, WHOA.
PHIL MUST BE BRAVE,
'CAUSE-- 'CAUSE THE DARK
CAN BE REALLY,
REALLY SCARY.
Mister de Man says THE DARK CAN BE SCARY
SOMETIMES, ROSCO.
WHEN THERE IS NO LIGHT
TO HELP US-- TO HELP US SEE,
OUR IMAGINATIONS CAN
REALLY GET THE BEST OF US.
Rosco says YEAH.
YEAH, LIKE, LIKE,
LIKE THE OTHER NIGHT
WHEN I WOKE UP
AND IT WAS STILL DARK,
AND THERE...
THERE WAS A MONSTER
IN MY ROOM!
Mister de Man says THEN WHAT HAPPENED,
ROSCO?
Rosco says WELL, UH,
I CALLED FOR YOU
AND WHEN YOU CAME IN,
WE FOUND OUT
THAT THE MONSTER
WAS JUST A-- A...
A SHADOW.
IT WAS JUST A SHADOW.
AND OF...
AND IT WAS MY JACKET.
AND-- AND SO
I WAS LIKE, "PHEW!"
AND I WENT BACK TO SLEEP.
Mister de Man chuckles and says THAT'S RIGHT.
WHEN WE LEARN THE REASON
THAT SOMETHING HAPPENS,
IT CAN HELP
RELIEVE OUR FEARS.
Rosco says YEAH.
Mister de Man says SO, WHY DON'T WE LEARN
SOME MORE ABOUT LIGHT
USING SHADOWS?
Rosco gasps and says ARE YOU GOING TO
TURN THE LIGHTS OFF?
Mister de Man says NOT ALL OF THEM.
WE'RE GOING TO NEED
A RED LIGHT...
Rosco says YEAH.
Mister de Man says A GREEN LIGHT...
Rosco says YEAH.
Mister de Man says AND A BLUE LIGHT!
Rosco says OH. OH!
WE HAVE THOSE NOW
'CAUSE YOU CAN CHANGE THESE.
Mister de Man says I KNOW. IT'S REALLY HANDY
THAT YOU GOT THESE FOR ME.
THANKS AGAIN.
Rosco says OH, WOW.
Mister de Man says AND WHAT WE'LL LEARN
IS THAT COLOURS OF LIGHT MIX
AND IT'S GOING TO MAKE OUR
SHADOWS REALLY INTERESTING.
Rosco says WOW.
SOUNDS COMPLICATED.
Mister de Man says LITTLE BIT.
Next, Mister de Man says HEY THERE, MY FRIENDS.
WE'VE SET UP THE EXPERIMENT.
WE HAVE OUR WHITE SCREEN
AND OUR THREE LIGHTS.
WE HAVE FIRST OUR...
HERE, LET ME TURN
THE OTHER TWO OFF.
AND DO THAT.
WE HAVE OUR RED LIGHT.
YOU CAN SEE THE SCREEN
IS ALL REFLECTING RED HERE.
THEN WE HAVE OUR GREEN LIGHT
HERE IN THE MIDDLE.
WE HAVE
OUR EERIE GREEN SCREEN.
AND THE LAST WE HAVE
OUR BLUE LIGHT,
AND YOU CAN SEE THE NICE,
COOL COLOUR THERE.
AND YOU CAN PROBABLY
BARELY SEE ME AS WELL.
UM, SO WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
MIXING THESE COLOURS TOGETHER.
SO, WHEN WE ADD
LIGHT TOGETHER,
WE CALL IT
AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE.
AND WHEN WE HAVE ONE COLOUR,
WE JUST SEE THE ONE COLOUR,
BUT LET'S SEE WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN WE SEE TWO COLOURS AT ONCE.
SO, LET'S ADD...
I'M GONNA TAKE AWAY THE BLUE
AND ADD THE RED,
AND THE GREEN TOGETHER.
AND WHAT WE SEE IS THAT
THE SCREEN HAS TURNED YELLOW.
INTERESTING.
NOW, LET'S TRY
THE GREEN AND THE BLUE.
OOH. NOW IT'S A NICE...
THIS COLOUR
IS ACTUALLY CALLED CYAN,
AND THAT'S KINDA THE MIXTURE
BETWEEN THE BLUE LIGHT
AND THE GREEN LIGHT
WE HAVE THERE.
AND LESS-- LAST, LET'S TRY
THE BLUE AND THE RED,
AND HERE WE HAVE...
IT LOOKS LIKE A PINKY-PURPLE.
IT'S CALLED MAGENTA.
SO, THOSE ARE
THE ADDITIVE MIXTURES
THAT WE GET WHEN WE ADD
BLUE PLUS RED, FOR INSTANCE,
OR BLUE PLUS GREEN,
OR GREEN PLUS RED.
SO, THERE WE GO.
WE HAVE OUR ADDITIVE MIXTURES
BECAUSE WE'RE ADDING DIFFERENT
COLOUR OF LIGHTS TOGETHER.
NOW, LET'S SEE WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN WE TURN ON ALL THREE.
AHA!
OUR SCREEN HAS TURNED WHITE.
SO, WHEN WE ADD ALL THREE
OF THESE COLOURS...
WHEN WE ADD RED LIGHT,
GREEN LIGHT, PLUS BLUE LIGHT,
WE GET WHITE LIGHT.
NOW, THERE'S A REASON
THAT THIS WORKS.
SO, EARLIER WE TALKED
ABOUT HOW THE BACK...
WHEN WE WERE TALKING
ABOUT OUR EYES,
AT THE BACK OF OUR EYE
THERE'S THE RETINA,
AND IN THE RETINA THERE'S
THE RODS AND THE CONES.
WELL, THE CONES ARE WHAT
HELP US PERCEIVE COLOUR,
AND THERE'S THREE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONES.
THERE'S ONE THAT, UH,
TAKE IN THE LIGHT AND UH,
OF WAVELENGTHS THAT ARE LONGER,
LIKE FROM RED.
THERE'S ONES THAT TAKE
WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT
LIKE GREEN FROM THE MIDDLE,
AND THERE'S OTHERS THAT GO
FOR THE SHORTER WAVELENGTHS
LIKE THE BLUE.
AND WHEN ALL THOSE CONES
ARE BEING USED AT ONCE,
WHEN THEY'RE ALL
BEING STIMULATED
BY THE DIFFERENT TYPES
OF LIGHT,
WE SEE WHITE LIGHT.
NOW, THIS IS WHERE IT GETS
KINDA INTERESTING.
SO WE HAVE OUR THREE LIGHTS HERE
AND YOU CAN SEE,
THEY'RE KINDA...
THEY'RE NOT ALL IN ONE SPOT.
THEY'RE IN DIFFERENT PLACES.
YOU KINDA SEE...
YOU CAN PROBABLY ALREADY SEE
THAT THE SECRET
OF HOW MY SHADOWS
ARE STARTING TO LOOK
KINDA STRANGE.
SO, I'M GONNA TAKE
MY MAGIC WAND.
NOW, THIS ISN'T MAGIC,
OF COURSE, BUT YOU KNOW WHAT?
SCIENCE SOMETIMES
IS PRETTY CLOSE,
SO WE'RE GONNA USE
MY MAGIC WAND TODAY,
AND LET'S LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN I MAKE A SHADOW USING IT.
SO AS YOU CAN SEE THERE, WE HAVE
MY MAGIC WAND IN THE MIDDLE,
AND YOU CAN SEE
THREE DISTINCT SHADOWS.
ONE IS YELLOW, ONE IS MAGENTA,
AND ONE IS CYAN.
NOW, THIS IS BECAUSE
THE WAND IS BLOCKING THE LIGHT
AND CREATING A SHADOW FROM EACH
OF THE DIFFERENT LIGHT BULBS,
AND SO IT BLOCKS
THE ONE COLOUR OF LIGHT
BUT THERE'S STILL THE OTHER TWO
MAKING IT THERE.
SO HERE, THE RED AND THE GREEN
ARE STILL SHINING
BUT THE BLUE IS BLOCKED.
HERE,
WHERE WE HAVE THE MAGENTA,
IT CAN STILL SEE
THE RED AND THE BLUE,
BUT THE GREEN IS BLOCKED.
AND THIS LAST ONE
WHERE WE SEE THE CYAN,
THAT'S WHERE
THE RED IS BLOCKED,
AND WE CAN ONLY SEE
THE BLUE AND THE GREEN.
SO, JUST TO RECAP,
WE HAVE OUR THREE
DIFFERENT COLOURS OF LIGHT-
RED, GREEN, AND BLUE,
ALL ADDING TOGETHER
TO CREATE THIS WHITE LIGHT
THAT WE SEE ON THE SCREEN.
WHEN WE PUT UP SOMETHING,
AN OBJECT IN FRONT OF IT
AND CREATE A SHADOW,
IT BLOCKS EACH LIGHT
ON A DIFFERENT ANGLE,
AND WE SEE THE MIXTURES
OF THE OTHER TWO LIGHTS.
SO, IT'S SHOWING US
THAT LIGHT MIXES TOGETHER
TO CREATE AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE.
SO WE HAVE THE YELLOW
FROM RED AND GREEN,
THE MAGENTA
FROM RED AND BLUE,
AND THE CYAN,
FROM GREEN AND BLUE.
NOW,
BEFORE WE FINISH, THOUGH,
I'VE GOT SOME LIGHTS,
I GOT A SCREEN,
I GOT STUFF TO MAKE SHADOWS.
DON'T FORGET TO HAVE FUN!
WHEN I WAS GROWING UP,
MY BIG SISTER
USED TO ALWAYS GIVE MY LITTLE
SISTER AND I SHADOW STORIES
WHEN WE WERE HAVING
A BAD NIGHT,
AND THEY'RE SOME
OF MY FONDEST MEMORIES.
SO, LET'S JUST REMEMBER
THAT WHEN WE DO STUFF LIKE THIS,
WE CAN JUST HAVE FUN WITH
OUR FAMILIES AND OUR SIBLINGS
OR JUST ON OUR OWN.
WE CAN DO THINGS LIKE
MAKE ANIMALS WITH OUR HANDS.
AND WE GOT OUR LITTLE GUY HERE,
YOU CAN KINDA SEE. AND HE GOES
He makes a dog shape with his hand.
Making Rosco's voice, he says "HI. HI, HI,
"I HAVE A VOICE AND-AND-AND
AND I SOUND LIKE, I...
"I SOUND LIKE ROSCO. OH.
OH. I HOPE HE DOESN'T GET MAD."
Mister de Man says MM, HOPEFULLY ROSCO
DOESN'T GET MAD AT THAT.
OR WE CAN CUT OUT
DIFFERENT SHAPES
AND WE CAN CREATE SOMETHING
LIKE THIS HEART HERE.
SO HERE YOU SEE I HAVE THIS
HEART FOR MAKING A SHADOW
AND THERE'S THREE HEARTS
BEHIND IT!
NOW, YOU DON'T HAVE TO HAVE
THE THREE LIGHTS.
YOU CAN ALWAYS JUST
MAKE ONE HEART AS WELL
AND JUST HAVE
SOME FUN WITH THAT.
AND ALSO THERE'S THINGS
LIKE SOME FUN LEGO IDEAS
WHERE YOU CAN MAKE SOME...
BUILD SOMETHING
TO MAKE SOME FUN SHADOWS.
YOU CAN MAKE
THINGS LIKE THIS-
YOU GOT A LITTLE
DINOSAUR GUY HERE.
OR PLAY WITH THINGS LIKE...
OH, LET ME FIND IT.
OH, IT'S RIGHT HERE.
AND WE HAVE THE CREEPY BAT!
SO REMEMBER,
SHADOWS CAN BE FUN.
THEY DON'T HAVE TO BE SCARY.
ENJOY, MY FRIENDS.
A clip plays.
Now, Phil says SO, YOU ALREADY KNOW
ABOUT REFLECTION, RIGHT?
THAT'S WHEN...
A BEAM OF LIGHT,
SAY FROM MY LASER,
REFLECTS OFF THIS MIRROR
AND BOUNCES IN A STRAIGHT LINE.
He lights a mirror using a laser inside a fish tank.
He continues BUT CHECK THIS OUT.
IF I DON'T USE THE MIRROR
AND I SHINE THE LASER AGAINST
THE UNDERSIDE OF THE WATER,
IT ALSO REFLECTS
JUST LIKE A MIRROR!
THIS IS CALLED
INTERNAL REFLECTION.
IF I...
(grunting)
He puts a plastic container filled with water on top of the fish tank.
He continues HAVE A STREAM OF WATER...
He unsticks a tape and a water flows into the tank out of the container.
He turns off the light and says AND I PUT MY LASER BEAM
INTO THE STREAM,
YOU CAN SEE THAT
THE LASER BOUNCES AROUND
INSIDE THE STREAM OF WATER.
IT'S BEING
INTERNALLY REFLECTED
AND THE LASER
ISN'T GOING STRAIGHT ANYMORE.
IT'S FOLLOWING
THE STREAM OF WATER
DOWN WHERE THE WATER GOES.
INTERNAL REFLECTION.
NOW, I KNOW
WHAT YOU'RE THINKING.
YOU'RE THINKING, "PHIL,
HOW DOES THIS AFFECT ME
"IN MY EVERYDAY LIFE?
INTERNAL REFLECTION- WHO CARES?"
WELL, I CAN TELL YOU WHY
YOU SHOULD CARE IN TWO WORDS-
THREE WORDS.
FIBER OPTIC WIRES.
YOU SEE, FIBER OPTICS CARRY
INFORMATION ALL OVER THE PLANET.
THE INTERNET,
MAYBE EVEN YOUR TELEVISION
TRAVELS THROUGH
FIBER OPTIC WIRES.
THE GOOD THING IS,
BECAUSE OF INTERNAL REFLECTION,
YOU CAN BEND
FIBER OPTIC WIRES
ANY WHICH WAY
OR AROUND CORNERS,
AND THE BEAMS OF LIGHT
CONTINUE TO GO STRAIGHT DOWN
INSIDE THE WIRES
AND GET OUT THE OTHER END,
MAKING IT GO
WHERE YOU WANT IT TO GO.
INTERNAL REFLECTION! SCIENCE!
(shattering)
BACK TO OUR LIGHT CHALLENGE.
I'VE SEEN SOMETHING SMALL
FROM FAR AWAY,
SEEN AROUND CORNERS,
BUT NOW ANN HAS TURNED OFF
THE LIGHTS.
BUT I HAVE A SOLUTION.
In the dark lab, Ann says OH!
Phil says ANN?
OH, CAREFUL!
ANN?
OKAY, OKAY.
SORRY, I FORGOT
HOW DARK IT WAS IN HERE.
OKAY!
I FIGURED IT OUT!
Ann says OKAY.
(clicking)
Phil says AH!
I HAVE A FLASHLIGHT!
SO, ALL I NEED
TO DO...
Ann says NO. NO-NO-NO.
HOLD ON.
HOLD ON, HOLD ON.
Phil says WHAT?
Ann says THERE'S ONE MORE RULE
I DIDN'T TELL YOU.
Phil says WHAT'S THE RULE?
Ann says YOU CAN'T USE
VISIBLE LIGHT.
Phil says HOW IN THE WORLD
AM I GONNA DO THIS
IF I CAN'T USE
VISIBLE LIGHT?
Ann says IT'S A CHALLENGE.
Phil says UH...WAIT A MINUTE.
WAIT A MINUTE.
OKAY HERE, HOLD MY
FLASHLIGHT FOR A SECOND.
UGH.
I'M GONNA MAKE
A PHONE CALL.
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says I THINK
I KNOW WHAT TO DO.
I'LL BE BACK.
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says I'LL BE BACK.
Ann says OH, CAREFUL!
Phil says WAH!
(crashing)
A neon sign reads "Sal's Science Shop."
Sal stands in a vintage store. He has blond combed hair. He wears glasses, a salmon shirt and a checked jacket.
Sal says OH, HEY!
GOOD TO SEE YA.
SPEAKIN' OF SEEIN' THINGS,
LET'S TALK ABOUT
THE RAINBOW.
ALL THE COLOURS
OF THE SPECTRUM
ORGANIZED IN
A BEAUTIFUL PATTERN.
BUT WHAT ARE
THE DIFFERENT COLOURS?
I MEAN,
WHAT MAKES THEM DIFFERENT?
WELL, IT ALL HAS TO DO WITH
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM.
He holds a long piece of paper showing a wavy line across different colours.
He continues THIS IS VISIBLE LIGHT.
ALL THE COLOURS
OF THE RAINBOW,
AND TAKE A LOOK
AT THAT LITTLE BLACK LINE
THAT GOES UP AND DOWN THERE.
THAT'S THE FREQUENCY
OF THE LIGHT.
LIGHT IS A WAVE.
YOU SEE THE WAVELENGTH
IS A LITTLE WIDER
OUT HERE ON THE RED SIDE,
AND IT'S A LITTLE
CLOSER TOGETHER
HERE ON THE VIOLET SIDE?
THAT'S BECAUSE
EVERY COLOUR OF LIGHT
HAS A DIFFERENT LENGTH OF WAVE
OR "WAVELENGTH."
AND THAT IS WHAT MAKES THEM
DIFFERENT WHEN WE LOOK AT THEM!
BUT IF YOU THINK
THAT'S ALL THERE IS
TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM,
THEN YOU'RE MISTAKEN.
SO, WHAT HAPPENS OVER HERE
ON THE RED SIDE?
DOES IT KEEP GOING?
YEAH, IT DOES!
He unrolls one of the ends and continues WHAT?
LOOK,
WE GOT INFRARED HERE,
AND THEN WE GOT MICROWAVES.
THESE ARE THE SAME KIND OF WAVES
YOU USE IN YOUR OVEN.
AND THEN WE GOT RADIO WAVES,
WHICH ARE THE SAME KIND OF WAVES
YOU USE IN YOUR-- UH-- RADIO.
THEY'RE ALL PART OF
THE SAME THING AS VISIBLE LIGHT.
HUH? LET'S TAKE A LOOK
AT THE OTHER END.
REMEMBER THESE SHORT WAVELENGTHS
OVER HERE BESIDE VIOLET?
WELL, DOES THAT KEEP GOING?
YEAH.
IF THEY KEEP GETTING SHORTER,
YOU GET ULTRAVIOLET AND THEN
X-RAYS AND THEN GAMMA RAYS!
HUH? PRETTY AMAZING.
AND LOOK!
IT'S ALL CONNECTED!
FROM RADIO WAVES
TO GAMMA RAYS,
TO VISIBLE LIGHT IN BETWEEN,
Excited, he moves his hands and continues IT'S ALL FREQUENCIES
OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION!
(chuckling)
HOW IS THIS STAYING UP?
The paper falls.
He says SO, EVERYTHING OUTSIDE
OF THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM
IS INVISIBLE, RIGHT?
WRONG!
HA HA!
BAM! HUH?
He shows a hand X-ray.
He continues THAT IS AN X-RAY-
A PICTURE WE CAN TAKE
USING THIS PART
OF THE SPECTRUM.
WE CAN USE SPECIAL CAMERAS
TO SEE OUTSIDE
OF THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM.
HUH?
HUH? RIGHT?
HEH HEH, YEAH! YOU GET...
OKAY, YOU GOT IT.
HUH?
AND LOOK AT THESE!
THESE ARE NIGHT VISION GOGGLES.
THEY HELP YOU SEE IN THE DARK.
THEY USE PART OF THE SPECTRUM
CALLED INFRARED.
FOR THOSE OF YOU
KEEPING SCORE,
THAT'S THIS PART
OF THE SPECTRUM RIGHT HERE.
An animated yellow arrow points to the left side of the wavelength.
He continues PRETTY NEAT, RIGHT?
I WOULD SELL YOU THESE BUT
THEY'RE ALREADY SPOKEN FOR.
OH, HERE HE COMES NOW.
Phil runs in and says HEY, SAL!
Sal says HEY, HOW YA DOING?
Phil says YOU GOT THOSE GOGGLES
I ORDERED?
Sal says YEAH, GO AHEAD,
HELP YOURSELF.
Phil says THANKS FOR PUTTING
THEM ASIDE.
CAN I PUT 'EM
ON MY TAB?
Sal says YEAH, NO PROBLEM!
Phil says ALL RIGHT,
THANKS, SAL!
Sal says OKAY, SEE YA LATER!
NICE KID.
HE'S ALWAYS
IN A RUSH, THOUGH.
The clip ends.
Rosco says WOW.
THE ELECTRO...
THE ELECTRO
MAGICAL SPECIAL...
UH-- IT'S LIKE
A RAINBOW AND BEYOND.
Mister de Mar says YOU MEAN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM, RIGHT?
Rosco says UH, COULD YOU SAY THAT
A LITTLE SLOWER?
Mister de Mar says OKAY, ROSCO.
REPEAT AFTER ME.
ELECTRO...
Rosco says ELECTRO...
Mister de Mar says MAGNETIC...
Rosco says MAGNETIC...
Mister de Mar says SPECTRUM.
Rosco says SPECTRUM.
ELECTROMAG...
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM!
AWESOME!
Mister de Mar says I WAS THINKING, ROSCO,
NOW THAT WE'VE LEARNED
ABOUT ALL THAT
AND WE'VE GOT THE RAINBOW
IN THE MIDDLE,
MAYBE WE CAN
TAKE A LITTLE BREAK
AND PAINT A PICTURE
OF A RAINBOW.
Rosco gaps and says THAT SOUNDS GREAT,
MISTER DE MAN.
BUT, BUT, BUT
WE HAVE A PROBLEM.
Mister de Mar says HOW SO?
Rosco says WELL, WELL, THEY ONLY
HAD THREE COLOURS
OF PAINT AT THE STORE.
AND THE RAINBOW HAS,
LIKE, AT LEAST...
SIX COLOURS I THINK.
Mister de Mar says WELL,
NO WORRIES, ROSCO.
WE ARE GOING TO SNEAK A BIT
OF SCIENCE INTO OUR ART TODAY
TO SOLVE OUR PROBLEM.
(groaning)
Rosco says I SHOULD'VE KNOWN
IT WAS A TRICK.
OH, OH, OH. I-- I MEAN...
YAY!
SCIENCE IS AWESOME!
Next, Mister de Mar stands next to a whiteboard.
Mister de Mar says OKAY, MY FRIENDS.
NOW, I HAVE MY THREE COLOURS
OF PAINT HERE.
AND THESE ARE MY COLOURS
OF THE RAINBOW,
BUT NOT QUITE DONE YET.
WE HAVE MY YELLOW...
WHOOP, THAT'S MY RED.
AND THAT'S GOING
THE WRONG WAY.
WE HAVE MY YELLOW,
WE GOT THE BLUE,
AND THE RED,
AND WE'RE GOING TO USE THESE
TO CREATE MIXTURES OF COLOUR
TO CREATE THE COLOURS THAT
ARE MISSING FROM THE RAINBOW.
NOW, EARLIER WHEN I WAS
TALKING ABOUT MIXING LIGHT,
WE USED RED AND GREEN
TO MAKE YELLOW.
WE USED BLUE AND GREEN
TO MAKE CYAN,
AND WE USED RED AND BLUE
TO MAKE MAGENTA.
NOW, THAT'S CALLED
AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE
BECAUSE YOU'RE ADDING
THE LIGHTS TOGETHER.
WITH PAINT AND WITH DYES
AND THINGS,
YOU CAN USE THOSE SAME...
YOU CAN USE, ACTUALLY,
THOSE SAME THREE COLOURS.
AND IT'S INTERESTING-
A COLOUR PRINTER
OR WHEN YOU GET
THE SUNDAY COMICS,
WHAT YOU'RE SEEING ARE TINY,
TINY, TINY LITTLE DOTS OF...
OF THE MAGENTA, THE CYAN,
THE YELLOW,
AND ALSO BLACK DOTS AS WELL
FOR SHADING.
AND THAT'S ALL THEY PUT TOGETHER
TO MAKE THAT WORK FOR US.
BUT WHEN WE USE WITH ART,
UM, I LEARNED IT...
WE LEARNED IT A BIT DIFFERENTLY.
WE DON'T USUALLY USE CYAN,
MAGENTA, AND YELLOW.
WE'D USUALLY USE
THE PRIMARY COLOURS
OF RED, YELLOW, AND BLUE.
SO FIRST, LET'S JUST DO
A LITTLE BIT OF THOSE ON HERE.
I WANT TO DO A NICE,
LIKE, RED. OKAY.
A LITTLE MORE.
OKAY, WE'VE GOT THE RED THERE.
NOW, THE NEXT COLOUR I WANT
WOULD BE ORANGE.
AND SO WHAT I'M GOING TO DO
IS I'M GOING TO TAKE
SOME OF MY RED,
AND I'M GOING TO TAKE
SOME OF MY YELLOW,
AND I'M GOING TO MIX THAT.
MIX IT, MIX IT, MIX IT
WITH MY BRUSH LIKE THIS.
A LITTLE MORE YELLOW.
AND WHAT I'M GOING TO GET
IN THE MIDDLE THERE...
IS SOME ORANGE.
IT'LL BE EASIER TO SEE
WHEN I PUT IT ONTO THE PAPER.
AND WE GO THERE,
AND WE HAVE A NICE ORANGE BAND
OF THE RAINBOW NOW.
SO NEXT, I'M NOT GONNA PUT MY
BRUSH RIGHT INTO THE YELLOW.
I'M GOING TO FIRST RINSE IT OFF
A LITTLE BIT IN SOME WATER,
BECAUSE WE DON'T WANT TO MIX
ALL OF OUR COLOURS
IF WE DON'T WANT TO.
DAB IT ON SOME PAPER TOWEL,
AND I'LL GRAB MY YELLOW AND
WE CAN KEEP THE RAINBOW GOING.
SO NOW, WE HAVE RED,
ORANGE...
AND YELLOW.
AND NEXT, I'M GOING TO NEED
TO MIX MY YELLOW AND MY GREEN.
NOW, I JUST USED YELLOW
SO I DON'T NEED TO CLEAN
MY BRUSH YET.
SO WE CAN PUT SOME YELLOW
IN THE MIDDLE HERE,
GRAB SOME BLUE,
AND I'M GONNA MIX, MIX, MIX,
MIX THAT TOGETHER...
CAN'T REALLY SEE IT THERE,
IT'S A BIT TOO DARK,
BUT WHEN WE PUT IT ON THE PAPER
IT'LL BE NICE AND NOTICEABLE.
CLEAN MY BRUSH A LITTLE BIT,
AND LET'S SEE
HOW THAT TURNED OUT.
WE HAVE-- OH, LOOK AT THAT!
IT'S A GREAT GREEN.
OKAY, NEXT,
WE DON'T HAVE TO DO ANY MIXING
BECAUSE WE HAVE OUR BLUE,
BUT I DO NEED TO RINSE MY BRUSH
AGAIN QUICKLY.
AND MY NICE SWAMP WATER
HAPPENING BESIDE ME HERE.
AND THEN WE GET OUR BLUE
ON THERE.
MIXING IT A BIT IN BETWEEN.
THERE WE GO.
AND THE LAST TWO COLOURS
WE NEED TO MIX
ARE THE RED AND THE BLUE.
SO I'LL GRAB A LITTLE RED,
GRAB A LITTLE BLUE,
MIX, MIX, MIX...
KEEP ON MIXING.
AND WHAT I SHOULD GET...IS...
SOME PURPLE.
IT'S PRETTY DARK PURPLE.
IF I HAD SOME WHITE PAINT
I COULD LIGHTEN IT UP
A LITTLE BIT.
UM, BUT I STILL LIKE IT
LIKE THIS.
IT'S KINDA JUST THE NATURAL WAY
IT'S SUPPOSED TO LOOK
WHEN YOU JUST DO
THE PURE COLOURS TOGETHER.
SO NOW,
WE GOT RED, ORANGE,
YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, PURPLE.
AND NOW, THIS IS ACTUALLY
A SUBTRACTIVE,
UM, MIXTURE OF COLOUR,
BECAUSE WHAT'S HAPPENING,
NOT LIKE WITH LIGHT
WHERE LIGHT IS GOING TOGETHER
AND CREATING NEW COLOURS,
THIS IS ACTUALLY
TAKING THE LIGHT
AND ABSORBING
SPECIFIC WAVELENGTHS.
SO, THE BLUE IS ABSORBING, UM,
ALL THE OTHER COLOURS
AND ONLY REFLECTING THE BLUE.
AND THAT'S WHY WHEN YOU GET
COMBINATIONS LIKE GREEN,
GREEN IS ONLY REFLECTING
THE YELLOW AND THE BLUE
AT THE SAME TIME,
SO IT COMES TO, UM,
IT COMES TO OUR EYE AS GREEN.
SO, WHEN WE MIX LIGHT
WE CALL IT AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE.
WHEN YOU MIX THINGS
LIKE PAINT OR DYE,
THAT WILL BE CALLED
A SUBTRACTIVE MEASURE
BECAUSE WE'RE TAKING AWAY
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS
FROM OUR EYES TO SEE.
AND THERE WE GO.
WE'VE GOT RAINBOWS, WE GOT
LIGHTS, THE GOT A HAPPY DAY.
A clip plays.
Holding a flashlight, Ann says PHIL? IS THAT YOU?
Phil says YEAH.
Ann says DO YOU NEED A FLASHLIGHT?
Phil says I DON'T.
TURN IT OFF.
I CAN TOTALLY MAKE MY WAY
OVER TO YOU.
OH, HO-HO-HO!
Ann says I CAN HEAR YOU.
Phil says YEAH, I'M RIGHT HERE.
OH!
RIGHT HERE.
Ann says HI.
Phil says BECAUSE, I HAVE
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES!
OOH, CHECK IT OUT.
Ann says OH, COOL!
Ann looks through the goggles and sees Phil in a green light.
Phil says PRETTY COOL, RIGHT?
Ann says THAT'S AWESOME!
Phil says SO HERE'S THE SPECTRUM AGAIN,
AND HERE'S VISIBLE LIGHT.
An animation shows the electromagnetic spectrum.
He continues MY NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
USE INFRARED-
THIS PART OF THE SPECTRUM HERE
WITH WAVELENGTHS
JUST A LITTLE BIT LONGER
THAN THE RED WE CAN SEE...
OUTSIDE OF THE VISIBLE
LIGHT SPECTRUM.
Ann says ALL RIGHT, I WOULD SAY
THAT'S ALLOWED.
Phil says NO VISIBLE LIGHT,
AND I WILL SEE
THE NEXT BALL.
HAVE YOU GOT IT SET UP?
Ann says UM, I SET IT UP
WHILE YOU WERE OUT.
Phil says OKAY, GOOD.
I'M GONNA...
I'M GONNA SIT IN THE CHAIR
AND SEE IF I CAN SEE IT.
OKAY. HERE WE GO.
MM-HM.
Phil looks through the goggles at a small mirror he is holding.
Phil says OH, WOW. I CAN TOTALLY
SEE EVERYTHING.
Ann says CAN YOU TELL ME
WHAT THE BALL SAYS?
Phil says IT SAYS-- IT SAYS "YOU WIN"!
Ann says NICELY DONE!
Phil laughs and says SO, LET'S RECAP.
THIS CHALLENGE IS THE SAME
AS THE LAST CHALLENGE.
THE LIGHT FROM THE BALL
WAS MAGNIFIED BY THE LENS,
SENT AROUND A CORNER BY
REFLECTING IT OFF A MIRROR,
AND FLIPPED BACK AROUND
BY USING ANOTHER MIRROR.
BUT THIS TIME, IT'S DARK.
SO, USING INFRARED LIGHT,
THANKS TO MY
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES,
I WAS ABLE TO SEE THE BALL
AND WIN THE GAME.
THE LIGHT MANIPULATION
CHALLENGE IS DONE!
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE,
TIME TO TURN
THE LIGHTS BACK ON.
Ann says YEP, ABSOLUTELY.
Phil lowers a lever and the lab remains dark.
Phil says HUH.
Ann says WHAT DID YOU DO
BACK THERE?
Phil says UM, I GUESS WE BLEW A FUSE
OR SOMETHING.
Ann says UH-OH.
The end credits roll as bloopers of the show run by.
Sal says THESE ARE
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES.
THEY USE SOME OF
THE VA-- THE VIH...
THEY USE SOME THINGS
THAT I CANNOT PRONOUNCE.
Phil says HOW THIS CONTAINER
OF WATER...
WHOA!
AND I-- MAKE IT...
STREAM...
He spills water over the fish tank.
(clearing throat)
(beeping)
Phil says BUT INSTEAD OF GOING
STRAIGHT BACK...
THEY'RE GOING...
Phil cannot turn on the TV.
The clip ends.
Mister de Man says SO, ROSCO, WHAT DID YOU THINK
ABOUT PHIL'S SOLUTION
TO THE LAST LIGHT CHALLENGE?
Rosco says OH, WELL,
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
ARE SOOO COOL.
I'D-- I'D NEVER BE AFRAID
OF THE DARK AGAIN
IF I HAD A PAIR OF THOSE.
Mister de Man says THEY ARE VERY USEFUL
IN DARK SITUATIONS.
DO YOU REMEMBER WHAT PART
OF THE SPECTRUM THEY SEE?
Rosco says OH, I DO, I DO.
AND-- AND...
AND MR. DE MAN, GUESS WHAT.
UM, OH, OH, YEAH.
INFRARED.
AND-- AND AFTER YOU DID
THE SUPER SPEED
VISUAL ASSISTED PAINTING,
I GOT AN IDEA.
I WANTED TO WRITE
A SUPER DUPER FAST SONG
AND THEN I WROTE IT ABOUT
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM,
SO I COULD REMEMBER
ALL THE PARTS.
Mister de Man says AMAZING, ROSCO!
LET'S CHECK IT OUT!
Rosco sings THE VISUAL SPECTRUM
IS WHAT WE SEE
BECAUSE OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY
THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
THERE'S THE WAVES
AND THE RAYS
I CAN TALK ABOUT
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
FOR DAYS
COLOURFUL RAINBOWS
MADE OF VISIBLE LIGHT
THEY'RE THE WAVES
IN THE SPECTRUM
THAT FALL WITHIN OUR SIGHT
THERE'S RED, ORANGE,
YELLOW, GREEN
THEY'RE THE LONGEST WAVES
OF LIGHT THAT CAN BE SEEN
SHORTEN THOSE WAVELENGTHS
JUST A BIT
YOU'LL SEE BLUE, INDIGO,
AND VIOLET
THAT'S NOT ALL YOU'RE...
In the background, pictures of different objects and colourful vertical lines appear.
He continues 'CAUSE THERE'S MORE WAVES ON
THE OTHER SIDE OF WHAT WE SEE
THE VISUAL SPECTRUM
IS WHAT WE SEE
BECAUSE OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY
THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
THERE'S THE WAVES
AND THE RAYS
I CAN TALK ABOUT THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
FOR DAYS
RADIO, MICROWAVE,
AND INFRARED
LONGEST WAVES IN THE SPECTRUM,
THAT'S WHAT SCIENCE SAID
RADIO WAVES BROADCAST TV
AND THEY HELP US WITH
OUR WI-FI CONNECTIVITY
MICROWAVES CAN HELP US
COOK OUR FOOD
AND ALSO HELPED TO MAKE
OUR WIRELESS NETWORKS GOOD
INFRARED CHANGES CHANNELS
WITH EASE
BUT COME ON,
DON'T VIEW ME PLEASE!
THE VISUAL SPECTRUM
IS WHAT WE SEE
BECAUSE OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY
THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
THERE'S THE WAVES
AND THE RAYS
I CAN TALK ABOUT THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
FOR DAYS
SHORTER ULTRAVIOLET,
X-RAYS, AND GAMMA RAYS
LET'S ALL GO CHECK AND SEE
WHAT WIKIPEDIA SAYS ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
WILL SINK RIGHT IN
DON'T WORRY, SPF WILL
HELP YOU SAVE YOUR SKIN
X-RAYS CAN BE DANGEROUS
BUT WE CAN SEE
THAT THEY HELP DOCTORS SEE
INSIDE OF YOU AND ME
GAMMA RAYS GIVE CANCER
A BRUTAL BITE
LIKE BIG SUPERHEROES
WITH THEIR POWERS AND MIGHT
THE VISUAL SPECTRUM
IS WHAT WE SEE
BECAUSE OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY
THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
THERE'S THE WAVES
AND THE RAYS
I CAN TALK ABOUT
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
FOR DAYS
NOW YOU KNOW THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
OF THE RAINBOW
REMEMBER THERE'S A SPECTRUM
FROM THE GAMMA TO THE RADIO!
(sighing)
Rosco says WOW.
WHOA.
MAN.
I'M-- I'M...
I'M REALLY OUT OF BREATH.
AGH!
Rosco faints.
Later, Rosco pants.
Mister de Man says THAT SONG WAS AMAZING,
ROSCO!
AND QUITE
A TONGUE TWISTER.
Rosco says YEAH. YEAH. YEAH, JUST...
JUST A SEC,
I'M STILL-- UGH.
A LITTLE OUT OF BREATH.
Mister de Man says WELL, WHILE ROSCO
CATCHES HIS BREATH,
LET'S LOOK BACK ON
EVERYTHING WE DID TODAY.
WE LEARNED ABOUT
HOW LIGHT TRAVELS
AND THAT IT CAN BE REFLECTED
BY OBJECTS LIKE MIRRORS.
IT ALSO REFLECTS...
SORRY, REFRACTS...
WHEN IT GOES
FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER,
LIKE HOW VISIBLE LIGHT
IS BROKEN UP
FROM GOING TO AIR,
THROUGH A PRISM,
AND THEN OUT AGAIN.
IT MAKES THE RAINBOW.
Rosco says OH, YEAH, YEAH, YEAH.
AND THE RAINBOW IS ONLY
JUST THE MIDDLE
OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM.
Mister de Man says YES, THAT'S RIGHT.
AND WE ALSO LEARNED
THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN MIXING
COLOURS OF LIGHT
AND DIFFERENT COLOURS
OF PAINT.
WITH LIGHT, WE HAD
AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE,
AND WITH PAINT WE HAD
A SUBTRACTIVE MIXTURE.
Rosco says OH, OH, OH,
AND DON'T FORGET,
WE ALSO LEARNED THAT
SHADOWS AREN'T SCARY.
Mister de Man says ALSO VERY IMPORTANT,
ROSCO.
WELL, THAT'S ALL
THE TIME WE HAVE
FOR THIS
POWER HOUR OF LEARNING.
THANKS AGAIN TO OUR FRIENDS
AT TVOKIDS
AND OUR FRIENDS FROM HUNTINGTON
PARK SCHOOL IN HAMILTON.
Rosco says OH, OH, AND OUR FRIENDS
AND FAMILIES
WHO WE MISS SOOO MUCH!
Mister de Man says KEEP SMILING,
AND DON'T FORGET...
Rosco looks at Mister de Man and says HEY, THAT'S MINE.
YOU ARE AWESOME!
The caption changes to "TVO Kids would like to thank the following volunteer teacher for teaching the children of Ontario from their homes: James Bambury, Kenisha Bynoe, Spencer de Man, Joel Seaman, Kristy Tait Angel, Vickita Bhatt, Amanda Cameron, Arianna Lambert, Cameron Steltman and Robert Vidler."
(soft music plays)
A caption reads "Copyright 2020, The Ontario Educational Communications Authority."
An animated title against a sunny sky reads "TVOKids Power Hour of Learning."
In off, Laura says WELCOME TO
TVOKIDS
POWER HOUR OF LEARNING.
TODAY'S JUNIOR LESSON:
BEYONF THE RAINBOW.
Mister de Man sits in a room full of objects. He is in his early thirties, with a short beard and brown hair. He wears glasses, a white T-shirt with colourful vertical stripes and headphones. He holds a puppet called Rosco. Rosco is a blue, with pink hair and a big purple nose. He wears a black, yellow and red shirt.
With a deep voice, Rosco says OH, OH, OH, OKAY, OKAY.
THERE AND THERE AND THERE.
AND-- AND...
OKAY, OKAY, OKAY.
UM, UM...
HI, MR. DE MAN.
Mister de Man says HI, ROSCO.
WHY ARE ALL THE LIGHTS OFF
IN HERE?
Rosco says OH, OH.
I-- I WAS
MAKING A SURPRISE
AND-- AND...
AND-- AND-- AND...
AND, I...
HERE. LET'S...
I CAN TURN ON
THE LIGHTS.
GUESS WHAT,
GUESS WHAT.
UM, I SWITCHED OUT ALL
OF THE OLD LIGHT BULBS
AND I REPLACED THE...
WITH THEM
WITH-- WITH MORE
ENERGY EFFICIENT ONES.
HERE, HERE,
TURN THEM ON.
YOUR PHONE'S
DOWN THERE. USE IT.
Mister de Man says OKAY, I'M DOIN' IT.
Rosco says SEE? LOOK HOW NICE
AND LIGHT IT IS.
AND-- AND THERE'S EVEN
SOMETHING MORE SPECIAL.
UM...
Mister de Man says WHAT? WHAT WOULD BE MORE
SPECIAL ABOUT THESE LIGHTS?
Rosco says WELL, WELL, WELL...
UM, HERE.
CHECK OUT THE APP AGAIN,
AND WATCH.
YOU CAN DO SOMETHING
LIKE THIS...
The lights turn red.
Rosco says OH, OH, OOOH!
CREEPY.
OR THIS...
The lights turn blue.
Rosco says OH. OH, MAN, NICE.
OR EVEN THIS.
The lights turn green.
Rosco says SEE? SEE?
Mister de Man says WHOA, ROSCO!
THESE ARE THE COLOUR
CHANGING LIGHT BULBS.
I'VE WANTED TO TRY THESE OUT
FOR A LONG TIME!
Rosco says YEAH, YEAH, YEAH.
AND-- AND-- AND I THINK
WE CAN USE THEM.
I COULD HELP US
WITH THE SHOW.
WE CAN CHANGE
THE LIGHT TO...
TO HELP US...
TO HELP US
SET THE MOOD.
WATCH, WATCH, WATCH.
MAYBE I'M REALLY SAD.
AW, I'M SO BLUE.
OR WHAT IF I'M ANGRY?
OKAY, MAKE IT RED.
Mister de Man says OKAY,
I'LL MAKE IT RED.
Rosco says RAWR!
I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT I DIDN'T
GET TO HAVE MY COOKIE!
OR-- OR MAYBE I CAN HAVE
HAPPY YELLOW!
OR, OR, OR...
WHEN IT'S NAP TIME
I CAN HAVE CALMING GREEN.
ISN'T-- ISN'T THAT...
ISN'T THAT AWESOME?
Mister de Man says IT'S AMAZING, ROSCO!
WE'LL HAVE SO MUCH FUN EXPERIM...
EXPERIMENTING...
EXPERIMENTING WITH THEM
TO SEE WHAT KIND
OF COLOURS WORK BEST
FOR DIFFERENT SITUATIONS.
Rosco says YEAH, YEAH.
OH, OH, OH.
AND GUESS WHAT.
GUESS WHAT, UM...
(Bell dinging)
A yellow light bulb pops up above Rosco's head.
Rosco says I JUST GOT AN IDEA!
UM, MAYBE WE CAN
DO SOME RESEARCH
AND SEE WHAT WE CAN LEARN
ABOUT LIGHT TODAY!
I FOUND AN EPISODE
OF
SCIENCE MAX!
THAT IS CALLED
"LIGHT CHALLENGE."
AND WAS WONDERING IF WE
COULD START WATCHING IT.
Mister de Man says THAT SOUNDS
LIKE A PLAN, ROSCO.
LET'S SPEND TODAY'S
POWER HOUR OF LEARNING
EXPLORING THE
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT.
Rosco says AWESOME!
A clip plays.
Phil is in his mid-thirties, clean-shaven with curly blond hair. He wears a dark blue T-shirt.
Phil says HAVE YOU EVER DONE
A SCIENCE EXPERIMENT
AND WONDERED WHAT
IT'D BE LIKE
IF YOU DID IT BIG?
I HAVE.
(laughing)
(rock music plays)
Fast clips show Phil doing funny and crazy experiments indoors and outdoors.
Phil says YEAH!
MY NAME IS PHIL,
AND I TAKE YOUR EVERYDAY
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
AND DO THEM BIG.
THIS IS
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE.
THIS EPISODE OF
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE
IS ALL ABOUT LIGHT
AND BENDING LIGHT
TO YOUR WILL.
A man with combed hair shows a hand radiography and says HUH? HUH? RIGHT? RIGHT?
Phil says ANN CHALLENGES ME TO
AN EVER MORE TRICKY GAME
OF LIGHT MANIPULATION.
PLUS LASERS, PERISCOPES, AND...
WHAT DOES THAT HAVE TO DO
WITH LIGHT?
In a clip, Phil stands against a blue surface being hit by tennis balls.
He says CUT TO ANIMATION!
FIND OUT ON
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE.
In the lab, Phil says GREETINGS,
SCIENCE MAXIMITES!
I'M PHIL, AND TODAY
ON
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE,
WE'RE
GONNA BE LOOKING AT LIGHT!
He turns off the lights.
(clatter)
The lights turn on and Phil says HEY!
(grunting)
He lifts a sign and says OH. OKAY.
STAY.
THAT WASN'T
SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN.
I WAS SUPPOSED
TO PRESS THAT BUTTON,
AND THERE WAS SUPPOSED TO BE
ALL THESE LASERS
AND SPECIAL EFFECTS.
BUT IT DIDN'T...
WELL, TODAY ON
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE,
WE'RE NOT GONNA BE DOING
ONE EXPERIMENT,
WE'RE GONNA BE DOING
A NUMBER OF SMALL EXPERIMENTS
BECAUSE WE ARE GOING TO DO
A LIGHT MANIPULATION CHALLENGE.
I'M GONNA GET AN EXPERT
AND SHE IS GOING TO CHALLENGE ME
TO A GAME
OF LIGHT MANIPULATION
BECAUSE I AM
THE MASTER OF LIGHT!
(beeping)
He presses a button and the lights turn green.
Phil says OH.
WELL, AT LEAST
THE GREEN LIGHTS ARE WORKING.
AND...
OKAY, OKAY, FORGET IT.
I'M JUST GONNA TURN...
I'M JUST GONNA TURN IT
BACK TO NORMAL.
(beeping)
COME ON.
I'M GONNA WORK ON THAT LATER.
I'M GONNA NEED AN EXPERT
TO HELP ME, THOUGH.
UM, OH! I KNOW.
ANN WOULD BE
REALLY GOOD AT THIS.
He puts on a lab coat and continues IT REALLY DOES LOOK KINDA WEIRD
IN HERE, DOESN'T IT?
OH, WELL.
Phil presses a code to open a magic portal that makes him appear in another lab with a lab coat in his head.
(dialling)
(zapping)
(clatter)
Ann is in her late twenties with light brown shoulder-length hair. She wears a blue T-shirt and jeans.
Ann says YOU OKAY?
Phil says HI.
A caption reads "Ann."
Ann says HI, PHIL.
Phil says ANN. YEAH,
I DIDN'T-- I DIDN'T...
I COULDN'T SEE
WHAT I WAS DOING.
HERE'S YOUR LAB COAT.
Ann says OH.
Phil says THANK YOU FOR COMING.
Ann says GREAT!
Phil says NOW, YOU'RE FROM
LET'S TALK SCIENCE, RIGHT?
Ann says YES, THAT'S RIGHT.
Phil says ALL ABOUT SCIENCE EDUCATION,
JUST LIKE US.
NOW, YOU'RE GONNA
CHALLENGE ME
TO A LIGHT
MANIPULATION GAME?
Ann says A LIGHT MANIPULATION GAME.
I'VE BEEN WORKING
ON A SERIES OF CHALLENGES
SINCE THE LAST TIME
WE TALKED.
Phil says AWESOME.
Ann says EACH A LITTLE MORE DIFFICULT
THAN THE LAST.
Phil says WELL, THIS IS
GONNA BE GREAT
'CAUSE I AM THE LIGHT
MANIPULATION MASTER!
Ann says OKAY, WELL WE'LL SEE
ABOUT THAT.
Phil says OKAY.
The caption changes to "Challenge number 1."
Ann says TAKE A SEAT.
Phil says WELL,
THAT'S EASY ENOUGH.
Ann says I HAVE WRITTEN SOMETHING ON
THE BACK SIDE OF THIS BALL.
Phil says OH, OKAY.
Ann says AND I'M GONNA
CHALLENGE YOU TO READ IT.
Phil says OKAY, WELL I'M READY.
I MIGHT BE ABLE
TO READ IT FROM HERE.
LET'S SEE.
Ann places a ball far away from Phil.
Ann says ALL RIGHT.
OKAY, I SEE
SOMETHING'S WRITTEN ON IT
BUT I CAN'T READ
WHAT IT SAYS.
Ann says WHAT IF YOU SQUINT?
Phil says IT LOOKS LIKE
A COUPLE LINES, MAYBE?
I CAN'T QUITE TELL.
Ann says ANY IDEAS HOW TO SOLVE
THIS CHALLENGE, PHIL?
Phil says UM,
AND I HAVE TO BE
IN THIS CHAIR?
Ann says WELL, YOU CAN
GET OUT OF THE CHAIR
TO SET UP YOUR SOLUTION.
Phil says OKAY.
Ann says WHEN YOU READ
WHAT I'VE WRITTEN
ON THE BALL, YOU HAVE TO BE
SITTING IN THE CHAIR.
Phil says WELL, IT'S LIGHT
MANIPULATION, RIGHT?
Ann says MM-HM.
Phil says SO, I...
WAIT A MINUTE.
I'VE GOT FLASHLIGHTS
IN CASE THE POWER GOES OUT,
SO MAYBE I CAN
USE A FLASHLIGHT.
HA HA!
OKAY, READY?
PEW!
He uses the flashlight to light the ball.
Phil says UM...HUH.
DOESN'T SEEM TO MAKE IT
ANY EASIER TO READ.
YEAH.
I GOT NOTHING.
Ann says DO YOU GIVE UP
ALREADY?
Phil says NO, OF COURSE
I DON'T GIVE UP!
Ann says I TOLD YOU THESE WERE
GONNA BE CHALLENGING.
Phil says THIS IS NOTHING!
I WILL
FIGURE THIS OUT.
UM,
I DON'T KNOW YET.
Ann says YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO
GET CREATIVE.
Phil says I DON'T KNOW YET,
BUT I WILL THINK
OF SOMETHING.
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says OKAY, I'LL BE BACK.
HERE,
HOLD THE FLASHLIGHT.
NOT LOOKING,
NOT LOOKING!
I'M GONNA GO THIS WAY.
Phil runs away and Ann sits on his chair.
Ann says I'M GONNA WAIT
RIGHT HERE.
Phil says OKAY!
Next, Phil looks himself in a spoon.
Phil says HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHY
YOU END UP UPSIDE DOWN
WHEN YOU LOOK AT YOURSELF
IN A SPOON?
IT'S BECAUSE
OF LIGHT REFLECTION!
LIGHT IS MADE OF PHOTONS.
He stands against a blue wall.
Phil says LET'S SAY THAT
THESE TENNIS BALLS
BOUNCING OFF THIS WALL
ARE PHOTONS OF LIGHT.
NOW, WHEN THE SURFACE IS FLAT
LIKE A MIRROR,
THE PHOTONS,
THEY BOUNCE IN...
AND A STRAIGHT
BACK OUT AGAIN.
BUT WHEN THE SURFACE
IS CURVED,
THE PHOTONS
DON'T GO STRAIGHT OUT.
Two men bend the wall.
Phil says THEY GET REFLECT--ED.
SO NOW, THIS PHOTON
IS GOING OVER THERE
AND IF WE HAD PHOTONS
ON THIS SIDE, THEY WOULD...
I DON'T EVEN KNOW WHERE
THOSE ONES ARE COMING FROM.
The balls bounce on the sides of the wall in different directions.
Phil says THEN, OKAY-- SO WE GOT...
WE GOT PHOTONS ON THIS SIDE
THAT ARE GOING THAT WAY
AND PHOTONS ON THAT SIDE
THAT ARE GOING THIS WAY,
SO THE TOP
BECOMES THE BOTTOM
AND THE BOTTOM
BECOMES THE TOP,
AND THAT'S WHY
YOU LOOK UPSIDE DOWN
WHEN YOU LOOK AT YOURSELF
IN A SPOON!
OKAY, CUT TO ANIMATION!
CUT TO ANIMATION!
An animation shows light reflecting on a curved piece of glass.
Phil says A LENS WORKS BY CHANGING
THE DIRECTION OF LIGHT TOO.
LENSES ARE MADE
OUT OF CURVED PIECES OF GLASS.
WHEN THE PHOTONS OF LIGHT
PASS THROUGH THE GLASS,
THE CURVED SURFACE
MAKES THEIR PATHS CHANGE.
WHAT WAS ONLY
THIS BIG BEFORE
BECOMES THIS BIG
WHEN YOU SEE IT.
LENSES ARE USED
IN MICROSCOPES
TO SEE THINGS
THAT ARE REALLY SMALL,
OR IN TELESCOPES TO SEE THINGS
THAT ARE VERY FAR AWAY.
BOTH TIMES THEY ARE MAKING
SOMETHING SMALL APPEAR LARGE.
The animation ends.
Phil says ANN HAS CHALLENGED ME
TO FIGURE OUT
HOW TO SEE A SMALL OBJECT
FAR AWAY,
AND USING A LENS
IS MY SOLUTION.
Phil rolls in a huge magnifying glass.
Phil says CHECK IT OUT!
IT'S A GIANT
MAGNIFYING LENS.
I'M GONNA USE IT TO MAGNIFY
THE BALL SO THAT I CAN SEE IT.
Ann says SOUNDS GREAT.
Phil says ALL RIGHT.
I SET THE LENS
IN FRONT OF THE BALL,
WHICH ANN HAS TURNED
SO I CAN'T SEE WHAT'S ON IT.
I ADD A LIGHT...
LET'S SHINE IT
ON THE BALL SO THAT...
IT'S A LITTLE BIT
BETTER ILLUMINATED.
AND THEN SIT IN THE CHAIR
AND ASK ANN TO MOVE IT
SO IT'S ALIGNED.
ALL RIGHT,
SO BRING IT TO YOUR LEFT.
YEAH, KEEP GOING,
KEEP GOING.
KEEP GOING,
RIGHT ABOUT THERE!
TRY BRINGING IT
CLOSER TO THE BALL.
OKAY, WAIT.
THAT MAKES IT...
THAT MAKES IT SMALLER.
TRY GOING...
BRING THE LENS
AWAY FROM THE BALL.
OOH! WAIT.
TRY A LITTLE BIT FURTHER.
OH-HO-HO-HO!
Ann says ARE YOU READY FOR ME
TO SPIN THE BALL AROUND?
Phil says YEP.
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says IT SAYS 71!
Ann says NICELY DONE.
Phil says EASY!
SOLVED.
Ann says WAIT, WAIT, WAIT.
Phil says WHAT?
Ann says THAT WAS JUST THE WARM-UP.
The clip ends.
Rosco says HEY, HEY, MISTER DE MAN,
MISTER DE MAN.
LOOK WHAT I FOUND
IN MY ROOM.
IT'S A-- HERE, TAKE IT.
Mister de Man says OH, THANKS.
Rosco says IT'S...
IT'S A TELESCOPE.
I BET-- I BET PHIL
COULD HAVE USED THIS
TO SEE THE NUMBER
ON THE BALL TOO.
The caption changes to "Junior 4-6. Mister De Man."
Mister de Man says YEAH, THAT'S RIGHT.
PHIL USED A GIANT LENS
TO HELP HIM READ
THE NUMBER ON THE BALL.
AND YOUR TELESCOPE HERE
KIND OF WORKS THE SAME.
THERE'S A BIG LENS
ON ONE END
WHICH TAKES IN LIGHT
FROM AN IMAGE
OR FROM, UM, FROM...
THAT REFLECTS OFF
OF DIFFERENT OBJECTS,
AND THEN THERE'S ANOTHER
ON THIS SIDE...
Rosco says YEAH, THAT'S WHERE
I CAN SEE THROUGH.
Mister de Man says YEAH, ON THAT SIDE
THERE'S A SMALLER LENS
THAT MAKES THE IMAGE
SO IT'S READY FOR YOUR EYE.
AND IT MAGNIFIES IT
A LITTLE BIT, TOO.
Rosco says WHOA!
LENSES ARE AMAZING!
IT'S ALMOST LIKE- LIKE
THEY GIVE YOU SUPERPOWERS.
Mister de Man says WELL, THEY DO HELP US SEE
SOME AMAZING THINGS,
FROM TINY CELLS AND ORGANISMS
WITH MICROSCOPES
TO GALAXIES FAR AWAY
WITH A TELESCOPE.
Rosco says YEAH. YEAH,
I LIKE THAT PART.
Mister de Man says BUT THERE IS
ONE MORE LENS
I WANT TO EXPLORE TODAY
A LITTLE FURTHER.
Rosco says A SUCH A LENS THAT...
THAT GIVES ME SUPER
DUPER LASER VISION?!
Mister de Man says NOT QUITE,
BUT IT DOES HELP US SEE.
AND THAT IS THE LENS
THAT IS PART OF
THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM.
Rosco says OUR VISUAL SYSTEM?
OH! OH, OH, OH.
YOU MEAN OUR EYES!
Mister de Man says THAT'S RIGHT, ROSCO.
WHY DON'T YOU SIT BACK
AND FOLLOW ALONG
WITH OUR FRIENDS AT HOME?
Rosco says OKAY!
A fast-motion clip shows Mister de Man drawing and painting an eye.
Rosco says HI, MY FRIENDS.
MISTER DE MAN
ASKED ME TO, UM,
TO DO A VOICEOVER AND EXPLAIN
WHAT HE'S DOING HERE.
HE'S, UM,
HE'S DRAWING A PIECE
AND THEN PAINTING IT
AND IT'S ART,
AND IT HAS...
ITS PURPOSE IS TO HELP
TEACH US ABOUT OUR EYES.
AND I THINK ALL
THOSE DIFFERENT THINGS
HE'S GOING TO EXPLAIN
IN A LITTLE BIT.
BUT LOOK HOW FAST
HE'S GOING!
UM, HE DID IT BECAUSE
HE SETS UP HIS CAMERA
AND IT FILMED HIM
THE WHOLE TIME HE WAS WORKING,
AND THEN HE PUTS IT
ON HIS COMPUTER
AND HE SPED IT
ALL THE WAY UP,
LIKE, SUPER DUPER,
WAY, WAY, WAY FAST.
UM, AND I THINK IT NEEDS
LIKE A SOUNDTRACK.
IT SHOULD GO SOMETHING
LIKE THIS.
(SINGING THE "CAN-CAN")
The clip ends.
Mister de Man says SO, HERE IS THE PICTURE
I JUST PAINTED
OF THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM.
LET'S SEE HOW
ALL THE PARTS WORK TOGETHER
TO GIVE US
THE ABILITY TO SEE.
SO, FIRST LET'S START
WITH THE WHITES OF OUR EYES.
IT'S THE BIG THING
WE CAN SEE
AROUND THE COLOURED PARTS
OF OUR EYES.
THAT IS CALLED THE SCLERA.
I KNOW, I HAD TO LOOK UP
HOW TO PRONOUNCE THIS WORD
AND IT'S KIND OF HANDY.
IF YOU EVER READ A WORD
THAT YOU CAN'T QUITE UNDERSTAND,
IF YOU LOOK UP PRONUNCIATION
OR "HOW TO PRONOUNCE."
THE WORD YOU WANT,
IT WILL...
YOU CAN FIND A LITTLE CLIP
AND THAT'S HOW I FOUND OUT
HOW TO MAKE SURE
I SAID THIS PROPERLY ON TV.
SO WE'VE GOT THE SCLERA,
AND THAT'S THE PROTECTIVE LAYER
THAT'S WHITE
ALL THE WAY AROUND YOUR EYE.
NEXT, WE HAVE THE CORNEA.
He sticks name tags on the parts mentioned.
Mister de Man says NOW, THE CORNEA
IS THE PART OF YOUR EYE
THAT IS RIGHT ON TOP,
LIKE IT'S RIGHT OVER TOP
OF WHERE YOU CAN SEE
MY EYES ARE BLUE
AND THEN YOU CAN SEE
THE BLACK IN THE MIDDLE.
SO, THE CORNEA
IS RIGHT ON TOP OF THAT.
IT'S A BIT OF A LENS AS WELL.
NEXT, WE HAVE THE PART
OF OUR EYES THAT HAS THE COLOUR.
I HAVE BLUE EYES,
SOME PEOPLE HAVE BROWN EYES,
SOME PEOPLE HAVE GREEN EYES.
SOME REALLY LUCKY PEOPLE HAVE
TWO DIFFERENT COLOURED EYES.
UM, BUT THAT IS RIGHT HERE.
YOU CAN SEE THIS.
IT'S CALLED THE IRIS AND
IT'S THESE LITTLE PARTS HERE...
LIKE, THEY LOOK RED ON THIS.
AND THOSE ARE...
THAT IS THE IRIS THERE.
NOW, NEXT COMES THE WAY
THAT LIGHT CAN GET IN,
AND THAT'S THE PUPILS.
THAT LITTLE BLACK DOT
IN THE MIDDLE OF YOUR EYE
IS CALLED THE PUPIL.
AND IT'S ACTUALLY
A WINDOW OR A HOLE
THAT GOES RIGHT IN
FOR THE LIGHT TO GET THROUGH.
AND IT'S RIGHT THERE.
NEXT, WE HAVE
THE ALL-IMPORTANT LENS.
SO, THE LENS IS THIS DISC
THAT YOU SEE HERE
AND THAT'S WHAT'S GOING
TO TAKE IN THE LIGHT
AND THEN AMPLIFY
AND MAGNIFY IT
SO THAT THE BACK OF THE EYE
CAN SEE IT.
AND AT THE BACK OF THE EYE
YOU CAN SEE THERE'S THIS BIG...
THIS YELLOW AREA HERE.
NOW, THESE COLOURS
ARE NOT NECESSARILY
WHAT THE EYES LOOK LIKE.
IT JUST HELPS FOR THE DIAGRAM.
BUT TODAY WE HAVE IT AS YELLOW,
AND THIS IS CALLED THE RETINA.
NOW, THE RETINA
CONTAINS MILLIONS OF CELLS
CALLED PHOTORECEPTORS,
AND THERE'S TWO TYPES.
THERE ARE RODS AND CONES.
NOW, THE RODS, THEY HELP US SEE
WHEN IT'S REALLY DARK OUTSIDE
OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
AND THE CONES HELP US TO SEE
DURING THE DAYLIGHT
AND ALSO GIVE US
COLOUR VISION.
NOW, SO, THE LIGHT GOES...
LET'S GO BACK
FROM THE BEGINNING AGAIN.
WE HAVE THE LIGHT
GOES PAST THE CORNEA,
PAST THE IRIS,
THROUGH THE PUPIL,
THROUGH THE LENS,
DIRECTED AT THE RETINA.
THE ROD AND CONES
TURN THOSE LIGHT SIGNALS
INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
FOR THE BRAIN,
AND THEN THEY TRAVEL
DOWN THE OPTIC NERVE,
AND THAT MMM WILL GET
EVENTUALLY TO OUR BRAINS,
AND THAT'S HOW WE CAN SEE.
RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE EYE
THERE IS A BIT,
IT'S CALLED THE VITREOUS GEL,
AND THAT'S WHAT'S INSIDE.
IT FILLS UP THE EYE
AND ALL THE LIGHT
PASSES THROUGH THAT
ON THE WAY
TO SEEING ALL THESE THINGS.
SO, NOW WE KNOW A LITTLE BIT
MORE ABOUT HOW OUR EYES WORK.
WHY DON'T WE USE OUR EYES
AND WATCH THE NEXT SEGMENT
OF
SCIENCE MAX!?
A clip plays.
Ann says ARE YOU READY FOR
CHALLENGE NUMBER TWO?
I'VE GOT ANOTHER BALL...
Phil says OKAY.
Ann says WITH SOMETHING ELSE
WRITTEN ON IT.
Phil says WAIT.
ARE YOU COMING BACK?
Ann places the ball behind a board.
Ann says NOPE.
Phil says HUH.
BUT I CAN'T EVEN SEE YOU
FROM HERE.
LIKE-- LIKE, HOW AM I...
HUH.
Ann says YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO
MANIPULATE THE LIGHT!
Phil says I HAVE TO SEE
AROUND A CORNER?
I HAVE TO SEE
AROUND A CORNER.
ALL RIGHT!
I'LL THINK OF SOMETHING.
An animated black and yellow triangle reads "Mini Max!"
Phil says SO, YOU REMEMBER THE TENNIS
BALLS ON THE WALL...
RIGHT?
OKAY, SO THE TENNIS BALLS
ARE PHOTONS...
WHAT LIGHT IS MADE OUT OF...
AND THE WALL IS A MIRROR.
AND RIGHT NOW,
THE PHOTONS
ARE HITTING THE MIRROR
AND BOUNCING DIRECTLY BACK.
BUT, WHAT HAPPENS
IF THEY COME IN AT AN ANGLE?
LIKE THIS.
AHA! THOSE PHOTONS ARE
REFLECTING OFF THE MIRROR
AND GOING THAT WAY,
WHICH MEANS IF I WANNA SEE
WHAT'S EMITTING THOSE PHOTONS...
I CAN SEE IT FROM HERE!
THE SAME THING HAPPENS
WHEN YOU LOOK IN A MIRROR.
OH, OKAY.
MIRROR-- WHA.
He turns around a mirror hanging from the wall.
Phil says THE MIRROR REFLECTS
THE PHOTONS OVER HERE.
I CAN SEE THE TENNIS BALL
LAUNCHER IN THE MIRROR,
WHICH MEANS...
IF THERE WAS A BARRIER...
Phil places a rolling blind with the logo of the show on his right side.
Phil says WHOA!
BETWEEN ME
AND THE TENNIS BALL LAUNCHER,
I CAN STILL USE A MIRROR
AND THE PHOTONS WOULD REFLECT
OFF THE MIRROR AND...
COME STRAIGHT TO ME!
WHICH IS HOW YOU CAN
USE A MIRROR...
TO SEE AROUND A CORNER!
IN FACT...
PERISCOPES WORK
THE SAME WAY.
He catches the balls the tennis launcher is shooting.
Phil says LET'S MAKE A PERISCOPE
RIGHT NOW.
Now, he appears in a lab.
Phil says HEY, IT'S DARK IN HERE.
OH, RIGHT!
'CAUSE I'M GONNA
SHOW YOU MY LASER!
He puts on dark glasses. Then, he lights a mirror using a laser inside a fish tank.
Phil says SO, THE LIGHT FROM MY LASER
BOUNCES OFF THIS MIRROR
IN A STRAIGHT LINE.
HA HA! REFLECTION.
WE CAN USE
THE POWER OF REFLECTION
TO MAKE THE LIGHT GO...
WHERE HE WANT IT TO!
WE'RE GONNA...
WE'RE GONNA BUILD A PERISCOPE!
SUBMARINES USE PERISCOPES
BECAUSE IT'S HARD TO SEE
WHEN YOU'RE UNDERWATER.
A SUBMARINE WILL EXTEND
A PERISCOPE UP ABOVE THE WATER.
An animation recreates how a periscope works.
Phil says THE IMAGE UP HERE GETS
TRANSMITTED DOWN HERE.
SO, SOMEONE LOOKING THROUGH
THE PERISCOPE UNDERWATER
CAN SEE WHAT'S GOING ON
UP ON THE SURFACE.
Back in the lab, Phil says AND HERE'S WHAT YOU NEED
TO BUILD IT-
TWO CARTONS OF MILK,
TWO SMALL HAND MIRRORS,
SCISSORS OR A CRAFT KNIFE,
A PENCIL,
AND SCIENCE TAPE, WHICH IS
THE SAME AS REGULAR TAPE
EXCEPT YOU USE IT FOR SCIENCE.
AND REMEMBER,
IF I GO TOO FAST,
YOU CAN ALWAYS FIND THESE
INSTRUCTIONS ON OUR WEBSITE.
The caption changes to "tvokids.com/sciencemax."
Phil says STEP ONE, CUT THE TOPS
OFF YOUR MILK CARTONS.
TAKE YOUR MIRROR
AND TRACE OUT A RECTANGLE
AS WIDE AS THE MIRROR,
THEN CUT IT OUT.
PUT SOME SCIENCE TAPE
ON YOUR MIRROR
AND STICK IT IN THE CARTON
AT AN ANGLE.
THEN PUT A PIECE OF TAPE
ON THE INSIDE.
THEN, GET THE OTHER MILK CARTON
AND DO THE SAME THING.
PUT A MIRROR ON THE INSIDE
AND THEN STACK
THE MILK CARTONS TOGETHER,
BUT DON'T STACK THEM WITH
THE HOLES ON THE SAME SIDE.
MAKE SURE YOU STACK THEM WITH
THE HOLES ON OPPOSITE SIDES.
AND HERE IS WHAT'S
GOING ON INSIDE.
YOU'VE GOT YOUR TWO MIRRORS,
AND ONE IS ANGLED LIKE THAT
AND THE OTHER ONE
IS ANGLED LIKE THIS.
LIGHT FROM WHAT YOU'RE
LOOKING AT COMES IN,
HITS THAT FIRST MIRROR,
GOES DOWN TO THAT SECOND MIRROR,
AND GOES TO YOUR EYE.
YOU CAN USE IT TO SPY ON PEOPLE
FROM BELOW THE TABLE!
BING!
HA HA! HA, HA, HA!
OR FROM AROUND CORNERS.
SO, THERE YOU GO.
YOUR VERY OWN PERISCOPE
USING LIGHT REFLECTION!
The clip ends.
Rosco says HEY. HEY, LOOK,
LOOK, LOOK, LOOK,
MISTER DAMAN.
I FOLLOWED ALONG WITH...
WITH PHIL ON THE SHOW,
AND I MADE
MY OWN PERISCOPE!
NOW, NOW I CAN CHECK
AROUND CORNERS...
OH, YEAH
I SEE OVER THERE!
AND I CAN SNEAK
AROUND THE HOUSE.
OH, I'M GONNA LOOK
BEHIND THE CAMERA.
HI, BEHIND THE CAMERA!
YEAH, YEAH, YEAH.
AND I CAN SNEAK
AROUND THE HOUSE
WITHOUT ANYBODY
NOTICING.
SO, SO FUN TO MAKE!
Mister de Man says THAT'S VERY FUN,
ROSCO.
NOW, DO YOU REMEMBER
WHY THE PERISCOPE WORKS?
Rosco says YES, YES-YES-YES.
BECAUSE THERE ARE
TWO MIRRORS INSIDE
AND-AND-AND THE LIGHT
HITS ONE OF THEM.
IT'S RIGHT THERE.
I'M POINTING
WITH MY NOSE.
AND-AND-AND THEN
IT GOES UP AND-- OH!
AND THEN IT GOES
AND HITS ANOTHER MIRROR,
AND IT GETS REFLECTED
AND IT'S LIKE THE LIGHT
IS BENDING TO MY WILL!
(maniacal laughing)
Mister de Man says OKAY, ROSCO.
WELL, WHY DON'T YOU
GO HAVE SOME FUN
EXPLORING AND PLAYING
WITH YOUR PERISCOPE?
I'M GOING TO EXPLAIN
ANOTHER WAY THAT LIGHT BENDS,
AND IT'S WHAT
GIVES US RAINBOWS.
Rosco gasps and says I LOVE RAINBOWS!
CAN-CAN I WATCH INSTEAD
AND PLAY LATER?
Mister de Man says SURE THING, ROSCO.
HERE WE GO.
(soft music plays)
Next, Mister de Man stands next to a blackboard.
Mister de Man says OKAY.
I'M ALL SET, MY FRIENDS.
UM, I WANTED TO SHOW YOU
WHAT HAPPENS
AND HOW RAINBOWS
ARE CREATED.
SO, I HAVE A NEAT,
UM, CRYSTAL
THAT USUALLY HANGS...
THERE IT IS.
AND THIS USUALLY HANGS
IN MY LIVING ROOM.
AND WHEN THE SUN
GOES THROUGH THIS,
IT MAKES
REALLY PRETTY RAINBOWS
THAT DANCE
ALL AROUND THE ROOM.
SO I THOUGHT
I'D SHOW THIS TO YOU
AND I'D USE A FLASHLIGHT.
SO, I'VE GOT MY FLASHLIGHT,
I'VE GOT MY PRISM
OR MY CRYSTAL,
AND I'M GOING TO SHINE
THE LIGHT THROUGH THIS.
AND...HUH.
IT'S JUST...
IT'S A PRETTY PATTERN
BUT IT'S JUST...
IT'S JUST ALL
STILL WHITE LIGHT.
NOW, WHEN I WAS TRYING THIS
EARLIER I WAS A BIT CONFUSED
SO I DID A BIT OF RESEARCH
AND I FOUND OUT THAT I HAVE
HERE AN LED FLASHLIGHT,
AND LED LIGHTS
DON'T SHOW THE FULL...
ARE NOT MADE UP OF THE FULL
SPECTRUM OF WHITE LIGHT.
SO, THEY ARE...
THERE'S NOTHING
FOR THE CRYSTAL
OR FOR A PRISM LIKE THIS
TO BREAK UP.
SO INSTEAD, I'M GONNA SHOW YOU
USING SOME PICTURES.
SO FIRST, HERE WE HAVE...
LET'S GET THAT
A LITTLE HIGHER...
A PICTURE OF A PRISM.
He pins the drawing on the board.
Mister de Man says AS YOU CAN SEE,
IT HAS A SQUARE BASE
AND IT'S A PYRAMID,
SO IT'S A
SQUARE-BASED PYRAMID,
AND WE'RE GOING TO PRETEND
BECAUSE IT'S MY PICTURE
THAT THIS PRISM HERE
IS MADE OF GLASS.
SO, IN THE PICTURE WE HAVE
THE AIR AROUND THE PRISM,
AND THEN WE HAVE THE GLASS.
SO, THERE'S TWO
DIFFERENT MATERIALS.
NOW, MY NEXT PICTURE IS GOING
TO SHOW WHAT WOULD HAPPEN
IF I FOCUSED A BEAM
LIKE A LASER THROUGH IT.
SO, LET'S SAY I HAVE
A RED LASER BEAM.
AND I'LL PUT THAT UP HERE NEXT
WITH MY MAGNETS.
SO WE CAN SEE HERE,
HERE WOULD BE
WHERE OUR SOURCE IS,
AND IT TRAVELS
THROUGH THE AIR
AND IT HITS
THE SIDE OF THE GLASS.
AND WHAT WE SEE HERE
IS THAT IT BENDS.
THIS IS CALLED REFRACTION.
AND THEN IT GOES OVER TO
THE NEXT SIDE OF THE GLASS,
THROUGH THE GLASS
TO THE NEXT PART,
AND IT BENDS AGAIN.
SO, IT'S REFRACTED TWICE
BY PASSING FROM AIR TO GLASS
AND THEN GLASS TO AIR.
AND THE AMOUNT
THAT IT BENDS
IS CALLED
THE ANGLE OF REFRACTION.
SO, LET'S JUST WRITE DOWN
A COUPLE OF THESE
IMPORTANT TERMS.
SO, WE HAVE REFRACTION.
AND THAT'S WHAT HAPPENED
WHEN LIGHT PASSES
FROM ONE MEDIUM,
SUCH AS AIR,
TO ANOTHER,
SUCH AS GLASS.
NOW, WHAT IF WE COULD FOCUS
LIKE, THE SUNLIGHT
RIGHT THROUGH THIS PRISM?
THEN, WE'D GET
SOMETHING LIKE THIS.
SO, I DREW
A NICE PICTURE HERE.
Mister de Man places a rainbow over the first drawing.
Mister de Man says NOW, WHAT WE SEE IS AGAIN,
THE WHITE...
THE WHITE LIGHT
HITS THE GLASS
AND IT ALSO BENDS
BUT IT KINDA LOOKS LIKE
IT SPREADS OUT A BIT TOO.
AND THEN IT TRAVELS THROUGH
THE GRASS-- GLASS, SORRY.
AND AGAIN, IT BENDS A BIT
AND SPREADS EVEN MORE,
CREATING THE RAINBOW.
NOW, WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?
WELL, YOU SEE,
THE WHITE LIGHT
IS ACTUALLY MADE UP OF ALL THE
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT.
WE HAVE THE LONGER
WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT
LIKE RED AND ORANGE AND YELLOW,
AND THEN WE HAVE THE SHORTER END
AS WELL, STARTING...
AND THE SHORTEST
WOULD BE VIOLET
AND THEN WE HAVE
INDIGO AND BLUE.
AND GREEN'S RIGHT THERE
IN THE MIDDLE.
SO, THEY ALL HAVE
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS
AND SO THEY ALL ALSO HAVE
DIFFERENT ANGLES OF REFRACTION.
SO, THE WHITE LIGHT
HITS HERE AND THE...
EVERYTHING GETS SPREAD OUT.
WE HAVE THE RED, THEN ORANGE,
YELLOW, GREEN,
BLUE, INDIGO, AND VIOLET.
SO, THAT'S THE SCIENCE
OF HOW THE RAINBOWS WORK.
NOW, LET ME MAKE SURE I'VE SAID
EVERYTHING I WANT...
OH!
I ALMOST FORGOT SOMETHING.
NOW, IF YOU WANT TO PLAY AROUND
WITH THIS AFTER THE SHOW,
YOU CAN ACTUALLY FIND
A REALLY COOL EXPERIMENT
AT, UH, A
SCIENCE MAX!
GAME
CALLED, UH...
AND IT'S CALLED LIGHT UP.
AND YOU CAN FIND THAT GAME
AT TVOKIDS.COM.
YOU GET TO PLAY
WITH PRISMS AND MIRRORS
AND TRY TO LIGHT
DIFFERENT THINGS UP
WITH SPECIFIC COLOURS
OF THE SPECTRUM.
IT'S A GREAT GAME.
ROSCO AND I PLAYED IT
A LOT YESTERDAY.
A clip plays.
Phil says DID YOU KNOW THAT YOUR TV REMOTE
CAN BE A FLASHLIGHT?
IT'S TRUE!
IF YOU HAVE THE KIND
OF TV REMOTE
WITH THE LITTLE BULB
ON THE END OF IT,
THEN WHEN YOU PRESS THE BUTTONS,
THE BULB LIGHTS UP!
(beeping)
YEAH, I KNOW
WHAT YOU'RE THINKING.
YOU'RE THINKING,
"PHIL, WAIT A MINUTE.
"THE BULB DID NOT LIGHT UP
"AND I'VE NEVER SEEN THE BULB
ON MY TV REMOTE LIGHT UP
"WHEN I PRESS THE BUTTONS."
WELL, THAT'S BECAUSE YOUR TV
REMOTE WORKS ON INFRARED,
WHICH IS A KIND OF LIGHT
YOU CAN'T SEE.
BUT YOU MIGHT BE ABLE
TO SEE IT WITH A CAMERA.
IF YOU HAVE A DIGITAL CAMERA
OR A CAMERA ON YOUR PHONE...
Phil presses a remote control in front of his cell phone camera.
Phil says AH! NOW YOU CAN SEE. SEE?
IT LIGHTS UP!
AND BECAUSE INFRARED LIGHT WORKS
THE SAME WAY AS VISIBLE LIGHT,
IN THAT IT WILL BOUNCE
OFF A MIRROR,
HERE'S AN EXPERIMENT
YOU CAN DO AT HOME.
BOUNCE THE LIGHT OFF YOUR TV
REMOTE OFF A MIRROR
AND TURN ON AND OFF
YOUR TELEVISION.
CHECK THIS OUT.
GET A MIRROR,
SET IT UP JUST RIGHT,
AND THEN AIM THE REMOTE
AT THE MIRROR AND...
(beeping)...
IT TURNS OFF THE TELEVISION!
PRETTY COOL, RIGHT?
BUT NOW,
LET'S MAX IT OUT.
I'VE GOT A COMPLEX SERIES
OF MIRRORS SET UP HERE,
AND I'M GONNA BOUNCE
THE LIGHT FROM THE REMOTE
ALL OVER THE ROOM.
Two mirrors hang in front of two other mirrors.
Phil says AND HERE'S WHAT
THAT PATTERN LOOKS LIKE.
THE LIGHT FROM THE REMOTE
HITS THIS MIRROR,
WHICH REFLECTS TO THIS MIRROR,
WHICH REFLECTS
TO THIS MIRROR,
AND THEN THIS MIRROR,
AND THEN THIS MIRROR,
AND THEN FINALLY
TO THE TELEVISION.
The TV turns on.
Phil says ISN'T THAT COOL?
THERE YOU GO-
MAXED OUT REMOTE LIGHT BOUNCING
INFRARED FLASHLIGHT...
I GOTTA COME UP
WITH A BETTER NAME, BUT STILL.
IT'S PRETTY COOL.
OH, RIGHT.
TURN OFF THE TELEVISION
WHEN YOU LEAVE THE ROOM.
I SOLVED ANN'S FIRST
LIGHT CHALLENGE...
SEEING SOMETHING FAR AWAY...
WITH A LENS.
IT SAYS 71!
BUT NOW SHE'S MOVED THE BALL
AROUND A CORNER
AND NOW I HAVE THE SOLUTION.
Phil rolls a large mirror into the lab.
Phil says MIRROR!
A MIRROR WILL LET ME SEE
AROUND THE CORNER, RIGHT?
Ann says CLEVER.
Phil says RIGHT?
OKAY, SO, ALL I GOTTA DO
IS PUT THE MIRROR
IN A POSITION...
SORTA LIKE THAT, I GUESS.
AND THEN I'M GONNA
SIT IN THE CHAIR.
IF YOU COULD HELP ME
ADJUST THAT MIRROR.
UM,
UH,
KEEP GOING THAT WAY.
KEEP GOING, KEEP GOING.
AND STOP!
NICE! OKAY. GO AHEAD
AND FLIP THE BALL AROUND
AND I WILL READ THE MESSAGE.
IT IS...
TOO SMALL.
I CAN'T-- OKAY.
I'VE SOLVED THIS PROBLEM,
THOUGH. OKAY, FLIP IT AROUND.
THE LENS,
I NEED THE LENS.
SO WE USE A MIRROR
AND THE LENS... .TO...
Phil places the lens near the ball.
Phil says GOOD?
YEAH?
YEAH? OKAY.
I'M GONNA SIT IN THE CHAIR.
HERE IN THE CHAIR.
IT IS...
BACKWARDS.
OH, YEAH.
A MIRROR INVERTS
THE IMAGE, DOESN'T IT?
MM-HM.
THAT'S OKAY. THAT'S OKAY,
I CAN SOLVE THIS.
ALL I NEED...
WHOA!
ANOTHER MIRROR IS ALL I NEED
TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM.
SO, IF I TAKE THIS MIRROR
AND I PUT IT HERE.
Phil holds a small mirror behind him.
Phil says LET'S SEE.
UM, THERE IT IS.
IT SAYS 42!
Ann says NICELY DONE!
Phil says HA-HA-HA!
They high-five.
Ann says VERY NICELY DONE.
I'M READY FOR ANYTHING.
WHAT DO YOU GOT PLANNED
FOR THE HARDEST CHALLENGE?
Ann says ARE YOU SURE
YOU'RE READY FOR THIS?
Phil says TOTALLY!
Ann says CHALLENGE NUMBER THREE
STARTS NOW.
Ann turns the lights off.
Phil says WHAT?
WAIT, WAIT, WAIT.
NO, NO.
THIS IS A LIGHT CHALLENGE.
HOW AM I SUPPOSED TO DO
A LIGHT CHALLENGE IF IT'S DARK?
Ann says HMMM. YOU'LL HAVE TO
GET CREATIVE.
Phil says BUT, IT'S DARK?
OKAY! NO PROBLEM.
I WILL THINK OF SOMETHING.
I WILL BE BACK!
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says OKAY, CAREFUL.
Ann says I'LL BE WAITING.
Phil says WHOA!
(clatter)
CAREFUL!
The clip ends.
Rosco says WAH. WHOA, WHOA.
PHIL MUST BE BRAVE,
'CAUSE-- 'CAUSE THE DARK
CAN BE REALLY,
REALLY SCARY.
Mister de Man says THE DARK CAN BE SCARY
SOMETIMES, ROSCO.
WHEN THERE IS NO LIGHT
TO HELP US-- TO HELP US SEE,
OUR IMAGINATIONS CAN
REALLY GET THE BEST OF US.
Rosco says YEAH.
YEAH, LIKE, LIKE,
LIKE THE OTHER NIGHT
WHEN I WOKE UP
AND IT WAS STILL DARK,
AND THERE...
THERE WAS A MONSTER
IN MY ROOM!
Mister de Man says THEN WHAT HAPPENED,
ROSCO?
Rosco says WELL, UH,
I CALLED FOR YOU
AND WHEN YOU CAME IN,
WE FOUND OUT
THAT THE MONSTER
WAS JUST A-- A...
A SHADOW.
IT WAS JUST A SHADOW.
AND OF...
AND IT WAS MY JACKET.
AND-- AND SO
I WAS LIKE, "PHEW!"
AND I WENT BACK TO SLEEP.
Mister de Man chuckles and says THAT'S RIGHT.
WHEN WE LEARN THE REASON
THAT SOMETHING HAPPENS,
IT CAN HELP
RELIEVE OUR FEARS.
Rosco says YEAH.
Mister de Man says SO, WHY DON'T WE LEARN
SOME MORE ABOUT LIGHT
USING SHADOWS?
Rosco gasps and says ARE YOU GOING TO
TURN THE LIGHTS OFF?
Mister de Man says NOT ALL OF THEM.
WE'RE GOING TO NEED
A RED LIGHT...
Rosco says YEAH.
Mister de Man says A GREEN LIGHT...
Rosco says YEAH.
Mister de Man says AND A BLUE LIGHT!
Rosco says OH. OH!
WE HAVE THOSE NOW
'CAUSE YOU CAN CHANGE THESE.
Mister de Man says I KNOW. IT'S REALLY HANDY
THAT YOU GOT THESE FOR ME.
THANKS AGAIN.
Rosco says OH, WOW.
Mister de Man says AND WHAT WE'LL LEARN
IS THAT COLOURS OF LIGHT MIX
AND IT'S GOING TO MAKE OUR
SHADOWS REALLY INTERESTING.
Rosco says WOW.
SOUNDS COMPLICATED.
Mister de Man says LITTLE BIT.
Next, Mister de Man says HEY THERE, MY FRIENDS.
WE'VE SET UP THE EXPERIMENT.
WE HAVE OUR WHITE SCREEN
AND OUR THREE LIGHTS.
WE HAVE FIRST OUR...
HERE, LET ME TURN
THE OTHER TWO OFF.
AND DO THAT.
WE HAVE OUR RED LIGHT.
YOU CAN SEE THE SCREEN
IS ALL REFLECTING RED HERE.
THEN WE HAVE OUR GREEN LIGHT
HERE IN THE MIDDLE.
WE HAVE
OUR EERIE GREEN SCREEN.
AND THE LAST WE HAVE
OUR BLUE LIGHT,
AND YOU CAN SEE THE NICE,
COOL COLOUR THERE.
AND YOU CAN PROBABLY
BARELY SEE ME AS WELL.
UM, SO WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
MIXING THESE COLOURS TOGETHER.
SO, WHEN WE ADD
LIGHT TOGETHER,
WE CALL IT
AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE.
AND WHEN WE HAVE ONE COLOUR,
WE JUST SEE THE ONE COLOUR,
BUT LET'S SEE WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN WE SEE TWO COLOURS AT ONCE.
SO, LET'S ADD...
I'M GONNA TAKE AWAY THE BLUE
AND ADD THE RED,
AND THE GREEN TOGETHER.
AND WHAT WE SEE IS THAT
THE SCREEN HAS TURNED YELLOW.
INTERESTING.
NOW, LET'S TRY
THE GREEN AND THE BLUE.
OOH. NOW IT'S A NICE...
THIS COLOUR
IS ACTUALLY CALLED CYAN,
AND THAT'S KINDA THE MIXTURE
BETWEEN THE BLUE LIGHT
AND THE GREEN LIGHT
WE HAVE THERE.
AND LESS-- LAST, LET'S TRY
THE BLUE AND THE RED,
AND HERE WE HAVE...
IT LOOKS LIKE A PINKY-PURPLE.
IT'S CALLED MAGENTA.
SO, THOSE ARE
THE ADDITIVE MIXTURES
THAT WE GET WHEN WE ADD
BLUE PLUS RED, FOR INSTANCE,
OR BLUE PLUS GREEN,
OR GREEN PLUS RED.
SO, THERE WE GO.
WE HAVE OUR ADDITIVE MIXTURES
BECAUSE WE'RE ADDING DIFFERENT
COLOUR OF LIGHTS TOGETHER.
NOW, LET'S SEE WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN WE TURN ON ALL THREE.
AHA!
OUR SCREEN HAS TURNED WHITE.
SO, WHEN WE ADD ALL THREE
OF THESE COLOURS...
WHEN WE ADD RED LIGHT,
GREEN LIGHT, PLUS BLUE LIGHT,
WE GET WHITE LIGHT.
NOW, THERE'S A REASON
THAT THIS WORKS.
SO, EARLIER WE TALKED
ABOUT HOW THE BACK...
WHEN WE WERE TALKING
ABOUT OUR EYES,
AT THE BACK OF OUR EYE
THERE'S THE RETINA,
AND IN THE RETINA THERE'S
THE RODS AND THE CONES.
WELL, THE CONES ARE WHAT
HELP US PERCEIVE COLOUR,
AND THERE'S THREE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONES.
THERE'S ONE THAT, UH,
TAKE IN THE LIGHT AND UH,
OF WAVELENGTHS THAT ARE LONGER,
LIKE FROM RED.
THERE'S ONES THAT TAKE
WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT
LIKE GREEN FROM THE MIDDLE,
AND THERE'S OTHERS THAT GO
FOR THE SHORTER WAVELENGTHS
LIKE THE BLUE.
AND WHEN ALL THOSE CONES
ARE BEING USED AT ONCE,
WHEN THEY'RE ALL
BEING STIMULATED
BY THE DIFFERENT TYPES
OF LIGHT,
WE SEE WHITE LIGHT.
NOW, THIS IS WHERE IT GETS
KINDA INTERESTING.
SO WE HAVE OUR THREE LIGHTS HERE
AND YOU CAN SEE,
THEY'RE KINDA...
THEY'RE NOT ALL IN ONE SPOT.
THEY'RE IN DIFFERENT PLACES.
YOU KINDA SEE...
YOU CAN PROBABLY ALREADY SEE
THAT THE SECRET
OF HOW MY SHADOWS
ARE STARTING TO LOOK
KINDA STRANGE.
SO, I'M GONNA TAKE
MY MAGIC WAND.
NOW, THIS ISN'T MAGIC,
OF COURSE, BUT YOU KNOW WHAT?
SCIENCE SOMETIMES
IS PRETTY CLOSE,
SO WE'RE GONNA USE
MY MAGIC WAND TODAY,
AND LET'S LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN I MAKE A SHADOW USING IT.
SO AS YOU CAN SEE THERE, WE HAVE
MY MAGIC WAND IN THE MIDDLE,
AND YOU CAN SEE
THREE DISTINCT SHADOWS.
ONE IS YELLOW, ONE IS MAGENTA,
AND ONE IS CYAN.
NOW, THIS IS BECAUSE
THE WAND IS BLOCKING THE LIGHT
AND CREATING A SHADOW FROM EACH
OF THE DIFFERENT LIGHT BULBS,
AND SO IT BLOCKS
THE ONE COLOUR OF LIGHT
BUT THERE'S STILL THE OTHER TWO
MAKING IT THERE.
SO HERE, THE RED AND THE GREEN
ARE STILL SHINING
BUT THE BLUE IS BLOCKED.
HERE,
WHERE WE HAVE THE MAGENTA,
IT CAN STILL SEE
THE RED AND THE BLUE,
BUT THE GREEN IS BLOCKED.
AND THIS LAST ONE
WHERE WE SEE THE CYAN,
THAT'S WHERE
THE RED IS BLOCKED,
AND WE CAN ONLY SEE
THE BLUE AND THE GREEN.
SO, JUST TO RECAP,
WE HAVE OUR THREE
DIFFERENT COLOURS OF LIGHT-
RED, GREEN, AND BLUE,
ALL ADDING TOGETHER
TO CREATE THIS WHITE LIGHT
THAT WE SEE ON THE SCREEN.
WHEN WE PUT UP SOMETHING,
AN OBJECT IN FRONT OF IT
AND CREATE A SHADOW,
IT BLOCKS EACH LIGHT
ON A DIFFERENT ANGLE,
AND WE SEE THE MIXTURES
OF THE OTHER TWO LIGHTS.
SO, IT'S SHOWING US
THAT LIGHT MIXES TOGETHER
TO CREATE AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE.
SO WE HAVE THE YELLOW
FROM RED AND GREEN,
THE MAGENTA
FROM RED AND BLUE,
AND THE CYAN,
FROM GREEN AND BLUE.
NOW,
BEFORE WE FINISH, THOUGH,
I'VE GOT SOME LIGHTS,
I GOT A SCREEN,
I GOT STUFF TO MAKE SHADOWS.
DON'T FORGET TO HAVE FUN!
WHEN I WAS GROWING UP,
MY BIG SISTER
USED TO ALWAYS GIVE MY LITTLE
SISTER AND I SHADOW STORIES
WHEN WE WERE HAVING
A BAD NIGHT,
AND THEY'RE SOME
OF MY FONDEST MEMORIES.
SO, LET'S JUST REMEMBER
THAT WHEN WE DO STUFF LIKE THIS,
WE CAN JUST HAVE FUN WITH
OUR FAMILIES AND OUR SIBLINGS
OR JUST ON OUR OWN.
WE CAN DO THINGS LIKE
MAKE ANIMALS WITH OUR HANDS.
AND WE GOT OUR LITTLE GUY HERE,
YOU CAN KINDA SEE. AND HE GOES
He makes a dog shape with his hand.
Making Rosco's voice, he says "HI. HI, HI,
"I HAVE A VOICE AND-AND-AND
AND I SOUND LIKE, I...
"I SOUND LIKE ROSCO. OH.
OH. I HOPE HE DOESN'T GET MAD."
Mister de Man says MM, HOPEFULLY ROSCO
DOESN'T GET MAD AT THAT.
OR WE CAN CUT OUT
DIFFERENT SHAPES
AND WE CAN CREATE SOMETHING
LIKE THIS HEART HERE.
SO HERE YOU SEE I HAVE THIS
HEART FOR MAKING A SHADOW
AND THERE'S THREE HEARTS
BEHIND IT!
NOW, YOU DON'T HAVE TO HAVE
THE THREE LIGHTS.
YOU CAN ALWAYS JUST
MAKE ONE HEART AS WELL
AND JUST HAVE
SOME FUN WITH THAT.
AND ALSO THERE'S THINGS
LIKE SOME FUN LEGO IDEAS
WHERE YOU CAN MAKE SOME...
BUILD SOMETHING
TO MAKE SOME FUN SHADOWS.
YOU CAN MAKE
THINGS LIKE THIS-
YOU GOT A LITTLE
DINOSAUR GUY HERE.
OR PLAY WITH THINGS LIKE...
OH, LET ME FIND IT.
OH, IT'S RIGHT HERE.
AND WE HAVE THE CREEPY BAT!
SO REMEMBER,
SHADOWS CAN BE FUN.
THEY DON'T HAVE TO BE SCARY.
ENJOY, MY FRIENDS.
A clip plays.
Now, Phil says SO, YOU ALREADY KNOW
ABOUT REFLECTION, RIGHT?
THAT'S WHEN...
A BEAM OF LIGHT,
SAY FROM MY LASER,
REFLECTS OFF THIS MIRROR
AND BOUNCES IN A STRAIGHT LINE.
He lights a mirror using a laser inside a fish tank.
He continues BUT CHECK THIS OUT.
IF I DON'T USE THE MIRROR
AND I SHINE THE LASER AGAINST
THE UNDERSIDE OF THE WATER,
IT ALSO REFLECTS
JUST LIKE A MIRROR!
THIS IS CALLED
INTERNAL REFLECTION.
IF I...
(grunting)
He puts a plastic container filled with water on top of the fish tank.
He continues HAVE A STREAM OF WATER...
He unsticks a tape and a water flows into the tank out of the container.
He turns off the light and says AND I PUT MY LASER BEAM
INTO THE STREAM,
YOU CAN SEE THAT
THE LASER BOUNCES AROUND
INSIDE THE STREAM OF WATER.
IT'S BEING
INTERNALLY REFLECTED
AND THE LASER
ISN'T GOING STRAIGHT ANYMORE.
IT'S FOLLOWING
THE STREAM OF WATER
DOWN WHERE THE WATER GOES.
INTERNAL REFLECTION.
NOW, I KNOW
WHAT YOU'RE THINKING.
YOU'RE THINKING, "PHIL,
HOW DOES THIS AFFECT ME
"IN MY EVERYDAY LIFE?
INTERNAL REFLECTION- WHO CARES?"
WELL, I CAN TELL YOU WHY
YOU SHOULD CARE IN TWO WORDS-
THREE WORDS.
FIBER OPTIC WIRES.
YOU SEE, FIBER OPTICS CARRY
INFORMATION ALL OVER THE PLANET.
THE INTERNET,
MAYBE EVEN YOUR TELEVISION
TRAVELS THROUGH
FIBER OPTIC WIRES.
THE GOOD THING IS,
BECAUSE OF INTERNAL REFLECTION,
YOU CAN BEND
FIBER OPTIC WIRES
ANY WHICH WAY
OR AROUND CORNERS,
AND THE BEAMS OF LIGHT
CONTINUE TO GO STRAIGHT DOWN
INSIDE THE WIRES
AND GET OUT THE OTHER END,
MAKING IT GO
WHERE YOU WANT IT TO GO.
INTERNAL REFLECTION! SCIENCE!
(shattering)
BACK TO OUR LIGHT CHALLENGE.
I'VE SEEN SOMETHING SMALL
FROM FAR AWAY,
SEEN AROUND CORNERS,
BUT NOW ANN HAS TURNED OFF
THE LIGHTS.
BUT I HAVE A SOLUTION.
In the dark lab, Ann says OH!
Phil says ANN?
OH, CAREFUL!
ANN?
OKAY, OKAY.
SORRY, I FORGOT
HOW DARK IT WAS IN HERE.
OKAY!
I FIGURED IT OUT!
Ann says OKAY.
(clicking)
Phil says AH!
I HAVE A FLASHLIGHT!
SO, ALL I NEED
TO DO...
Ann says NO. NO-NO-NO.
HOLD ON.
HOLD ON, HOLD ON.
Phil says WHAT?
Ann says THERE'S ONE MORE RULE
I DIDN'T TELL YOU.
Phil says WHAT'S THE RULE?
Ann says YOU CAN'T USE
VISIBLE LIGHT.
Phil says HOW IN THE WORLD
AM I GONNA DO THIS
IF I CAN'T USE
VISIBLE LIGHT?
Ann says IT'S A CHALLENGE.
Phil says UH...WAIT A MINUTE.
WAIT A MINUTE.
OKAY HERE, HOLD MY
FLASHLIGHT FOR A SECOND.
UGH.
I'M GONNA MAKE
A PHONE CALL.
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says I THINK
I KNOW WHAT TO DO.
I'LL BE BACK.
Ann says OKAY.
Phil says I'LL BE BACK.
Ann says OH, CAREFUL!
Phil says WAH!
(crashing)
A neon sign reads "Sal's Science Shop."
Sal stands in a vintage store. He has blond combed hair. He wears glasses, a salmon shirt and a checked jacket.
Sal says OH, HEY!
GOOD TO SEE YA.
SPEAKIN' OF SEEIN' THINGS,
LET'S TALK ABOUT
THE RAINBOW.
ALL THE COLOURS
OF THE SPECTRUM
ORGANIZED IN
A BEAUTIFUL PATTERN.
BUT WHAT ARE
THE DIFFERENT COLOURS?
I MEAN,
WHAT MAKES THEM DIFFERENT?
WELL, IT ALL HAS TO DO WITH
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM.
He holds a long piece of paper showing a wavy line across different colours.
He continues THIS IS VISIBLE LIGHT.
ALL THE COLOURS
OF THE RAINBOW,
AND TAKE A LOOK
AT THAT LITTLE BLACK LINE
THAT GOES UP AND DOWN THERE.
THAT'S THE FREQUENCY
OF THE LIGHT.
LIGHT IS A WAVE.
YOU SEE THE WAVELENGTH
IS A LITTLE WIDER
OUT HERE ON THE RED SIDE,
AND IT'S A LITTLE
CLOSER TOGETHER
HERE ON THE VIOLET SIDE?
THAT'S BECAUSE
EVERY COLOUR OF LIGHT
HAS A DIFFERENT LENGTH OF WAVE
OR "WAVELENGTH."
AND THAT IS WHAT MAKES THEM
DIFFERENT WHEN WE LOOK AT THEM!
BUT IF YOU THINK
THAT'S ALL THERE IS
TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM,
THEN YOU'RE MISTAKEN.
SO, WHAT HAPPENS OVER HERE
ON THE RED SIDE?
DOES IT KEEP GOING?
YEAH, IT DOES!
He unrolls one of the ends and continues WHAT?
LOOK,
WE GOT INFRARED HERE,
AND THEN WE GOT MICROWAVES.
THESE ARE THE SAME KIND OF WAVES
YOU USE IN YOUR OVEN.
AND THEN WE GOT RADIO WAVES,
WHICH ARE THE SAME KIND OF WAVES
YOU USE IN YOUR-- UH-- RADIO.
THEY'RE ALL PART OF
THE SAME THING AS VISIBLE LIGHT.
HUH? LET'S TAKE A LOOK
AT THE OTHER END.
REMEMBER THESE SHORT WAVELENGTHS
OVER HERE BESIDE VIOLET?
WELL, DOES THAT KEEP GOING?
YEAH.
IF THEY KEEP GETTING SHORTER,
YOU GET ULTRAVIOLET AND THEN
X-RAYS AND THEN GAMMA RAYS!
HUH? PRETTY AMAZING.
AND LOOK!
IT'S ALL CONNECTED!
FROM RADIO WAVES
TO GAMMA RAYS,
TO VISIBLE LIGHT IN BETWEEN,
Excited, he moves his hands and continues IT'S ALL FREQUENCIES
OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION!
(chuckling)
HOW IS THIS STAYING UP?
The paper falls.
He says SO, EVERYTHING OUTSIDE
OF THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM
IS INVISIBLE, RIGHT?
WRONG!
HA HA!
BAM! HUH?
He shows a hand X-ray.
He continues THAT IS AN X-RAY-
A PICTURE WE CAN TAKE
USING THIS PART
OF THE SPECTRUM.
WE CAN USE SPECIAL CAMERAS
TO SEE OUTSIDE
OF THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM.
HUH?
HUH? RIGHT?
HEH HEH, YEAH! YOU GET...
OKAY, YOU GOT IT.
HUH?
AND LOOK AT THESE!
THESE ARE NIGHT VISION GOGGLES.
THEY HELP YOU SEE IN THE DARK.
THEY USE PART OF THE SPECTRUM
CALLED INFRARED.
FOR THOSE OF YOU
KEEPING SCORE,
THAT'S THIS PART
OF THE SPECTRUM RIGHT HERE.
An animated yellow arrow points to the left side of the wavelength.
He continues PRETTY NEAT, RIGHT?
I WOULD SELL YOU THESE BUT
THEY'RE ALREADY SPOKEN FOR.
OH, HERE HE COMES NOW.
Phil runs in and says HEY, SAL!
Sal says HEY, HOW YA DOING?
Phil says YOU GOT THOSE GOGGLES
I ORDERED?
Sal says YEAH, GO AHEAD,
HELP YOURSELF.
Phil says THANKS FOR PUTTING
THEM ASIDE.
CAN I PUT 'EM
ON MY TAB?
Sal says YEAH, NO PROBLEM!
Phil says ALL RIGHT,
THANKS, SAL!
Sal says OKAY, SEE YA LATER!
NICE KID.
HE'S ALWAYS
IN A RUSH, THOUGH.
The clip ends.
Rosco says WOW.
THE ELECTRO...
THE ELECTRO
MAGICAL SPECIAL...
UH-- IT'S LIKE
A RAINBOW AND BEYOND.
Mister de Mar says YOU MEAN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM, RIGHT?
Rosco says UH, COULD YOU SAY THAT
A LITTLE SLOWER?
Mister de Mar says OKAY, ROSCO.
REPEAT AFTER ME.
ELECTRO...
Rosco says ELECTRO...
Mister de Mar says MAGNETIC...
Rosco says MAGNETIC...
Mister de Mar says SPECTRUM.
Rosco says SPECTRUM.
ELECTROMAG...
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM!
AWESOME!
Mister de Mar says I WAS THINKING, ROSCO,
NOW THAT WE'VE LEARNED
ABOUT ALL THAT
AND WE'VE GOT THE RAINBOW
IN THE MIDDLE,
MAYBE WE CAN
TAKE A LITTLE BREAK
AND PAINT A PICTURE
OF A RAINBOW.
Rosco gaps and says THAT SOUNDS GREAT,
MISTER DE MAN.
BUT, BUT, BUT
WE HAVE A PROBLEM.
Mister de Mar says HOW SO?
Rosco says WELL, WELL, THEY ONLY
HAD THREE COLOURS
OF PAINT AT THE STORE.
AND THE RAINBOW HAS,
LIKE, AT LEAST...
SIX COLOURS I THINK.
Mister de Mar says WELL,
NO WORRIES, ROSCO.
WE ARE GOING TO SNEAK A BIT
OF SCIENCE INTO OUR ART TODAY
TO SOLVE OUR PROBLEM.
(groaning)
Rosco says I SHOULD'VE KNOWN
IT WAS A TRICK.
OH, OH, OH. I-- I MEAN...
YAY!
SCIENCE IS AWESOME!
Next, Mister de Mar stands next to a whiteboard.
Mister de Mar says OKAY, MY FRIENDS.
NOW, I HAVE MY THREE COLOURS
OF PAINT HERE.
AND THESE ARE MY COLOURS
OF THE RAINBOW,
BUT NOT QUITE DONE YET.
WE HAVE MY YELLOW...
WHOOP, THAT'S MY RED.
AND THAT'S GOING
THE WRONG WAY.
WE HAVE MY YELLOW,
WE GOT THE BLUE,
AND THE RED,
AND WE'RE GOING TO USE THESE
TO CREATE MIXTURES OF COLOUR
TO CREATE THE COLOURS THAT
ARE MISSING FROM THE RAINBOW.
NOW, EARLIER WHEN I WAS
TALKING ABOUT MIXING LIGHT,
WE USED RED AND GREEN
TO MAKE YELLOW.
WE USED BLUE AND GREEN
TO MAKE CYAN,
AND WE USED RED AND BLUE
TO MAKE MAGENTA.
NOW, THAT'S CALLED
AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE
BECAUSE YOU'RE ADDING
THE LIGHTS TOGETHER.
WITH PAINT AND WITH DYES
AND THINGS,
YOU CAN USE THOSE SAME...
YOU CAN USE, ACTUALLY,
THOSE SAME THREE COLOURS.
AND IT'S INTERESTING-
A COLOUR PRINTER
OR WHEN YOU GET
THE SUNDAY COMICS,
WHAT YOU'RE SEEING ARE TINY,
TINY, TINY LITTLE DOTS OF...
OF THE MAGENTA, THE CYAN,
THE YELLOW,
AND ALSO BLACK DOTS AS WELL
FOR SHADING.
AND THAT'S ALL THEY PUT TOGETHER
TO MAKE THAT WORK FOR US.
BUT WHEN WE USE WITH ART,
UM, I LEARNED IT...
WE LEARNED IT A BIT DIFFERENTLY.
WE DON'T USUALLY USE CYAN,
MAGENTA, AND YELLOW.
WE'D USUALLY USE
THE PRIMARY COLOURS
OF RED, YELLOW, AND BLUE.
SO FIRST, LET'S JUST DO
A LITTLE BIT OF THOSE ON HERE.
I WANT TO DO A NICE,
LIKE, RED. OKAY.
A LITTLE MORE.
OKAY, WE'VE GOT THE RED THERE.
NOW, THE NEXT COLOUR I WANT
WOULD BE ORANGE.
AND SO WHAT I'M GOING TO DO
IS I'M GOING TO TAKE
SOME OF MY RED,
AND I'M GOING TO TAKE
SOME OF MY YELLOW,
AND I'M GOING TO MIX THAT.
MIX IT, MIX IT, MIX IT
WITH MY BRUSH LIKE THIS.
A LITTLE MORE YELLOW.
AND WHAT I'M GOING TO GET
IN THE MIDDLE THERE...
IS SOME ORANGE.
IT'LL BE EASIER TO SEE
WHEN I PUT IT ONTO THE PAPER.
AND WE GO THERE,
AND WE HAVE A NICE ORANGE BAND
OF THE RAINBOW NOW.
SO NEXT, I'M NOT GONNA PUT MY
BRUSH RIGHT INTO THE YELLOW.
I'M GOING TO FIRST RINSE IT OFF
A LITTLE BIT IN SOME WATER,
BECAUSE WE DON'T WANT TO MIX
ALL OF OUR COLOURS
IF WE DON'T WANT TO.
DAB IT ON SOME PAPER TOWEL,
AND I'LL GRAB MY YELLOW AND
WE CAN KEEP THE RAINBOW GOING.
SO NOW, WE HAVE RED,
ORANGE...
AND YELLOW.
AND NEXT, I'M GOING TO NEED
TO MIX MY YELLOW AND MY GREEN.
NOW, I JUST USED YELLOW
SO I DON'T NEED TO CLEAN
MY BRUSH YET.
SO WE CAN PUT SOME YELLOW
IN THE MIDDLE HERE,
GRAB SOME BLUE,
AND I'M GONNA MIX, MIX, MIX,
MIX THAT TOGETHER...
CAN'T REALLY SEE IT THERE,
IT'S A BIT TOO DARK,
BUT WHEN WE PUT IT ON THE PAPER
IT'LL BE NICE AND NOTICEABLE.
CLEAN MY BRUSH A LITTLE BIT,
AND LET'S SEE
HOW THAT TURNED OUT.
WE HAVE-- OH, LOOK AT THAT!
IT'S A GREAT GREEN.
OKAY, NEXT,
WE DON'T HAVE TO DO ANY MIXING
BECAUSE WE HAVE OUR BLUE,
BUT I DO NEED TO RINSE MY BRUSH
AGAIN QUICKLY.
AND MY NICE SWAMP WATER
HAPPENING BESIDE ME HERE.
AND THEN WE GET OUR BLUE
ON THERE.
MIXING IT A BIT IN BETWEEN.
THERE WE GO.
AND THE LAST TWO COLOURS
WE NEED TO MIX
ARE THE RED AND THE BLUE.
SO I'LL GRAB A LITTLE RED,
GRAB A LITTLE BLUE,
MIX, MIX, MIX...
KEEP ON MIXING.
AND WHAT I SHOULD GET...IS...
SOME PURPLE.
IT'S PRETTY DARK PURPLE.
IF I HAD SOME WHITE PAINT
I COULD LIGHTEN IT UP
A LITTLE BIT.
UM, BUT I STILL LIKE IT
LIKE THIS.
IT'S KINDA JUST THE NATURAL WAY
IT'S SUPPOSED TO LOOK
WHEN YOU JUST DO
THE PURE COLOURS TOGETHER.
SO NOW,
WE GOT RED, ORANGE,
YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, PURPLE.
AND NOW, THIS IS ACTUALLY
A SUBTRACTIVE,
UM, MIXTURE OF COLOUR,
BECAUSE WHAT'S HAPPENING,
NOT LIKE WITH LIGHT
WHERE LIGHT IS GOING TOGETHER
AND CREATING NEW COLOURS,
THIS IS ACTUALLY
TAKING THE LIGHT
AND ABSORBING
SPECIFIC WAVELENGTHS.
SO, THE BLUE IS ABSORBING, UM,
ALL THE OTHER COLOURS
AND ONLY REFLECTING THE BLUE.
AND THAT'S WHY WHEN YOU GET
COMBINATIONS LIKE GREEN,
GREEN IS ONLY REFLECTING
THE YELLOW AND THE BLUE
AT THE SAME TIME,
SO IT COMES TO, UM,
IT COMES TO OUR EYE AS GREEN.
SO, WHEN WE MIX LIGHT
WE CALL IT AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE.
WHEN YOU MIX THINGS
LIKE PAINT OR DYE,
THAT WILL BE CALLED
A SUBTRACTIVE MEASURE
BECAUSE WE'RE TAKING AWAY
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS
FROM OUR EYES TO SEE.
AND THERE WE GO.
WE'VE GOT RAINBOWS, WE GOT
LIGHTS, THE GOT A HAPPY DAY.
A clip plays.
Holding a flashlight, Ann says PHIL? IS THAT YOU?
Phil says YEAH.
Ann says DO YOU NEED A FLASHLIGHT?
Phil says I DON'T.
TURN IT OFF.
I CAN TOTALLY MAKE MY WAY
OVER TO YOU.
OH, HO-HO-HO!
Ann says I CAN HEAR YOU.
Phil says YEAH, I'M RIGHT HERE.
OH!
RIGHT HERE.
Ann says HI.
Phil says BECAUSE, I HAVE
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES!
OOH, CHECK IT OUT.
Ann says OH, COOL!
Ann looks through the goggles and sees Phil in a green light.
Phil says PRETTY COOL, RIGHT?
Ann says THAT'S AWESOME!
Phil says SO HERE'S THE SPECTRUM AGAIN,
AND HERE'S VISIBLE LIGHT.
An animation shows the electromagnetic spectrum.
He continues MY NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
USE INFRARED-
THIS PART OF THE SPECTRUM HERE
WITH WAVELENGTHS
JUST A LITTLE BIT LONGER
THAN THE RED WE CAN SEE...
OUTSIDE OF THE VISIBLE
LIGHT SPECTRUM.
Ann says ALL RIGHT, I WOULD SAY
THAT'S ALLOWED.
Phil says NO VISIBLE LIGHT,
AND I WILL SEE
THE NEXT BALL.
HAVE YOU GOT IT SET UP?
Ann says UM, I SET IT UP
WHILE YOU WERE OUT.
Phil says OKAY, GOOD.
I'M GONNA...
I'M GONNA SIT IN THE CHAIR
AND SEE IF I CAN SEE IT.
OKAY. HERE WE GO.
MM-HM.
Phil looks through the goggles at a small mirror he is holding.
Phil says OH, WOW. I CAN TOTALLY
SEE EVERYTHING.
Ann says CAN YOU TELL ME
WHAT THE BALL SAYS?
Phil says IT SAYS-- IT SAYS "YOU WIN"!
Ann says NICELY DONE!
Phil laughs and says SO, LET'S RECAP.
THIS CHALLENGE IS THE SAME
AS THE LAST CHALLENGE.
THE LIGHT FROM THE BALL
WAS MAGNIFIED BY THE LENS,
SENT AROUND A CORNER BY
REFLECTING IT OFF A MIRROR,
AND FLIPPED BACK AROUND
BY USING ANOTHER MIRROR.
BUT THIS TIME, IT'S DARK.
SO, USING INFRARED LIGHT,
THANKS TO MY
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES,
I WAS ABLE TO SEE THE BALL
AND WIN THE GAME.
THE LIGHT MANIPULATION
CHALLENGE IS DONE!
SCIENCE MAX!
EXPERIMENTS AT LARGE,
TIME TO TURN
THE LIGHTS BACK ON.
Ann says YEP, ABSOLUTELY.
Phil lowers a lever and the lab remains dark.
Phil says HUH.
Ann says WHAT DID YOU DO
BACK THERE?
Phil says UM, I GUESS WE BLEW A FUSE
OR SOMETHING.
Ann says UH-OH.
The end credits roll as bloopers of the show run by.
Sal says THESE ARE
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES.
THEY USE SOME OF
THE VA-- THE VIH...
THEY USE SOME THINGS
THAT I CANNOT PRONOUNCE.
Phil says HOW THIS CONTAINER
OF WATER...
WHOA!
AND I-- MAKE IT...
STREAM...
He spills water over the fish tank.
(clearing throat)
(beeping)
Phil says BUT INSTEAD OF GOING
STRAIGHT BACK...
THEY'RE GOING...
Phil cannot turn on the TV.
The clip ends.
Mister de Man says SO, ROSCO, WHAT DID YOU THINK
ABOUT PHIL'S SOLUTION
TO THE LAST LIGHT CHALLENGE?
Rosco says OH, WELL,
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
ARE SOOO COOL.
I'D-- I'D NEVER BE AFRAID
OF THE DARK AGAIN
IF I HAD A PAIR OF THOSE.
Mister de Man says THEY ARE VERY USEFUL
IN DARK SITUATIONS.
DO YOU REMEMBER WHAT PART
OF THE SPECTRUM THEY SEE?
Rosco says OH, I DO, I DO.
AND-- AND...
AND MR. DE MAN, GUESS WHAT.
UM, OH, OH, YEAH.
INFRARED.
AND-- AND AFTER YOU DID
THE SUPER SPEED
VISUAL ASSISTED PAINTING,
I GOT AN IDEA.
I WANTED TO WRITE
A SUPER DUPER FAST SONG
AND THEN I WROTE IT ABOUT
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM,
SO I COULD REMEMBER
ALL THE PARTS.
Mister de Man says AMAZING, ROSCO!
LET'S CHECK IT OUT!
Rosco sings THE VISUAL SPECTRUM
IS WHAT WE SEE
BECAUSE OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY
THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
THERE'S THE WAVES
AND THE RAYS
I CAN TALK ABOUT
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
FOR DAYS
COLOURFUL RAINBOWS
MADE OF VISIBLE LIGHT
THEY'RE THE WAVES
IN THE SPECTRUM
THAT FALL WITHIN OUR SIGHT
THERE'S RED, ORANGE,
YELLOW, GREEN
THEY'RE THE LONGEST WAVES
OF LIGHT THAT CAN BE SEEN
SHORTEN THOSE WAVELENGTHS
JUST A BIT
YOU'LL SEE BLUE, INDIGO,
AND VIOLET
THAT'S NOT ALL YOU'RE...
In the background, pictures of different objects and colourful vertical lines appear.
He continues 'CAUSE THERE'S MORE WAVES ON
THE OTHER SIDE OF WHAT WE SEE
THE VISUAL SPECTRUM
IS WHAT WE SEE
BECAUSE OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY
THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
THERE'S THE WAVES
AND THE RAYS
I CAN TALK ABOUT THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
FOR DAYS
RADIO, MICROWAVE,
AND INFRARED
LONGEST WAVES IN THE SPECTRUM,
THAT'S WHAT SCIENCE SAID
RADIO WAVES BROADCAST TV
AND THEY HELP US WITH
OUR WI-FI CONNECTIVITY
MICROWAVES CAN HELP US
COOK OUR FOOD
AND ALSO HELPED TO MAKE
OUR WIRELESS NETWORKS GOOD
INFRARED CHANGES CHANNELS
WITH EASE
BUT COME ON,
DON'T VIEW ME PLEASE!
THE VISUAL SPECTRUM
IS WHAT WE SEE
BECAUSE OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY
THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
THERE'S THE WAVES
AND THE RAYS
I CAN TALK ABOUT THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
FOR DAYS
SHORTER ULTRAVIOLET,
X-RAYS, AND GAMMA RAYS
LET'S ALL GO CHECK AND SEE
WHAT WIKIPEDIA SAYS ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
WILL SINK RIGHT IN
DON'T WORRY, SPF WILL
HELP YOU SAVE YOUR SKIN
X-RAYS CAN BE DANGEROUS
BUT WE CAN SEE
THAT THEY HELP DOCTORS SEE
INSIDE OF YOU AND ME
GAMMA RAYS GIVE CANCER
A BRUTAL BITE
LIKE BIG SUPERHEROES
WITH THEIR POWERS AND MIGHT
THE VISUAL SPECTRUM
IS WHAT WE SEE
BECAUSE OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY
THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
THERE'S THE WAVES
AND THE RAYS
I CAN TALK ABOUT
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
FOR DAYS
NOW YOU KNOW THERE'S MORE
THAN JUST THE COLOURS
OF THE RAINBOW
REMEMBER THERE'S A SPECTRUM
FROM THE GAMMA TO THE RADIO!
(sighing)
Rosco says WOW.
WHOA.
MAN.
I'M-- I'M...
I'M REALLY OUT OF BREATH.
AGH!
Rosco faints.
Later, Rosco pants.
Mister de Man says THAT SONG WAS AMAZING,
ROSCO!
AND QUITE
A TONGUE TWISTER.
Rosco says YEAH. YEAH. YEAH, JUST...
JUST A SEC,
I'M STILL-- UGH.
A LITTLE OUT OF BREATH.
Mister de Man says WELL, WHILE ROSCO
CATCHES HIS BREATH,
LET'S LOOK BACK ON
EVERYTHING WE DID TODAY.
WE LEARNED ABOUT
HOW LIGHT TRAVELS
AND THAT IT CAN BE REFLECTED
BY OBJECTS LIKE MIRRORS.
IT ALSO REFLECTS...
SORRY, REFRACTS...
WHEN IT GOES
FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER,
LIKE HOW VISIBLE LIGHT
IS BROKEN UP
FROM GOING TO AIR,
THROUGH A PRISM,
AND THEN OUT AGAIN.
IT MAKES THE RAINBOW.
Rosco says OH, YEAH, YEAH, YEAH.
AND THE RAINBOW IS ONLY
JUST THE MIDDLE
OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM.
Mister de Man says YES, THAT'S RIGHT.
AND WE ALSO LEARNED
THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN MIXING
COLOURS OF LIGHT
AND DIFFERENT COLOURS
OF PAINT.
WITH LIGHT, WE HAD
AN ADDITIVE MIXTURE,
AND WITH PAINT WE HAD
A SUBTRACTIVE MIXTURE.
Rosco says OH, OH, OH,
AND DON'T FORGET,
WE ALSO LEARNED THAT
SHADOWS AREN'T SCARY.
Mister de Man says ALSO VERY IMPORTANT,
ROSCO.
WELL, THAT'S ALL
THE TIME WE HAVE
FOR THIS
POWER HOUR OF LEARNING.
THANKS AGAIN TO OUR FRIENDS
AT TVOKIDS
AND OUR FRIENDS FROM HUNTINGTON
PARK SCHOOL IN HAMILTON.
Rosco says OH, OH, AND OUR FRIENDS
AND FAMILIES
WHO WE MISS SOOO MUCH!
Mister de Man says KEEP SMILING,
AND DON'T FORGET...
Rosco looks at Mister de Man and says HEY, THAT'S MINE.
YOU ARE AWESOME!
The caption changes to "TVO Kids would like to thank the following volunteer teacher for teaching the children of Ontario from their homes: James Bambury, Kenisha Bynoe, Spencer de Man, Joel Seaman, Kristy Tait Angel, Vickita Bhatt, Amanda Cameron, Arianna Lambert, Cameron Steltman and Robert Vidler."
(soft music plays)
A caption reads "Copyright 2020, The Ontario Educational Communications Authority."
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